Escuela de Politécnica Superior

Light profoundly impacts many aspects of human physiology and behaviour, including the synchronization of the circadian clock, the production of melatonin, and cognition. These effects of light, termed the non-visual effects of light, have been primarily investigated in laboratory settings, where light intensity, spectrum and timing can be carefully controlled to draw associations with physiological outcomes of interest. Recently, the increasing availability of wearable light loggers has opened the possibility of studying personal light exposure in free-living conditions where people engage in activities of daily living, yielding findings associating aspects of light exposure and health outcomes, supporting the importance of adequate light exposure at appropriate times for human health. However, comprehensive protocols capturing environmental (e.g., geographical location, season, climate, photoperiod) and individual factors (e.g., culture, personal habits, behaviour, commute type, profession) contributing to the measured light exposure are currently lacking. Here, we present a protocol that combines smartphone-based experience sampling (experience sampling implementing Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS ratings) and high-quality light exposure data collection at three body sites (near-corneal plane between the two eyes mounted on spectacle, neck-worn pendant/badge, and wrist-worn watch-like design) to capture daily factors related to individuals’ light exposure. We will implement the protocol in an international multi-centre study to investigate the environmental and socio-cultural factors influencing light exposure patterns in Germany, Ghana, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey (minimum n = 15, target n = 30 per site, minimum n = 90, target n = 180 across all sites). With the resulting dataset, lifestyle and context-specific factors that contribute to healthy light exposure will be identified. This information is essential in designing effective public health interventions.

Landscape is multidisciplinary and complex and requires a comprehensive approach to its analysis, which necessarily involves the study of how it is perceived (European Landscape Convention, 2000). In this sense, the subjective paradigm, as defined by Lothian (1999),maintains that the aesthetic sense of place depends on the interaction between landscape and observer, which is why there is a need to generate tools to study this dimension. This paper proposes various graphic strategies that can be useful when representing the perception of landscape, highlighting those that consider its subjective aspects, giving rise to a complete vision of the landscape that surrounds us,whether natural or urban. In thisway, an overviewismade of different graphicmechanisms, from the most figurative to the most abstract, including ‘serial visions’, the representation of the passage of time, ‘sensorial cartographies’ and the use of collage as a tool for simplifying the landscape. This generates an operative repertoire for representing landscape, which allows us to understand its perception from multiple facets, creating a holistic vision of the natural and urban landscape.

The INARQ innovation project was designed and implemented during the first semester of the 2021‐2022 academic year in the Architecture degree, from the subjects of "Form Analysis I" and "Introduction to Architecture" within the framework of the Exploria project. Its main goal was to increase the motivation of the students, enhancing their creative interpretation of the architectural fact. The strategy was based on designing an emotional approach to Architecture from other Arts, in order to encourage its holistic understanding. The initiative also sought to introduce students to the language of theoretical and graphic abstraction as a tool for thought and expression, as well as to enrich their perceptive, analytical, and interpretative skills in their understanding of architecture. Under this innovative approach, the classroom and drawing workshop work was complemented with the study of bibliographic references, on‐site experience (visits to buildings in Madrid), lectures, visits to exhibitions, individual presentations, and critical sessions with other classmates. The activity favoured the existing synergies between both subjects, and the motivation of students and teachers to take on new challenges, proving that learning transcends the physical and temporal framework of the classroom, expanding the regulated spaces and schedules, to promote at the same time the transversal learning based on other Arts as an innovative way of Teaching/Learning.

La experiencia pedagógica que mostramos busca despertar la imaginación en los alumnos de Arquitectura y desarrollar su capacidad espacial a través de la representación de un espacio imaginado, utilizando un texto literario como desencadenante. Se estudia el papel de la literatura como motor de la creación y educación artística, que permite al futuro arquitecto explorar, formar, comunicar y desarrollar su pensamiento analítico y crítico a través del dibujo. Estos procesos mentales y gráficos potencian el pensamiento abstracto, familiarizando al alumno con conceptos plásticos y arquitectónicos como lleno y vacío, densidad y ligereza, estático y dinámico, equilibrio, composición, color, materia o textura. Tras el análisis de las respuestas gráficas se descubren valores ocultos expresivos de la forma y del espacio. Las imágenes sintéticas finales generadas llevan implícitas las ideas y conceptos derivados de las referencias literarias y se materializan con un lenguaje expresivo y abstracto, con gran poder de sugerencia.

Después del boom inmobiliario y tras el estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria del año 2007, el cambio apreciado en los estudios de arquitectura en España fue notable. La presente investigación analiza los ciclos inmobiliarios y presenta la hipótesis del “Ciclo de los Siete Años” con vista a preparar al ciudadano ante una nueva crisis que durará hasta finales de 2028. La crisis del año 2007 repercutió incluso en el modo de asentar el funcionamiento de los estudios de arquitectura en el panorama español y Madrid anticipó acontecimientos en un ejemplo muy destacado que se implementó en la ribera del Manzanares como fue el proyecto de Madrid-Río. En la presente investigación aportaremos las pautas que marcaron el carácter de la ciudad Smart en la capital mediante un caso de estudio que pone de manifiesto las diversas actuaciones que han afectado a la ribera del río de la capital española, así como la percepción y valoración espacial del hogar y del paisaje madrileño durante el confinamiento debido a la pandemia por la COVID19. El método empleado utiliza una encuesta cualitativa para comprender resultados sobre la percepción de la ciudad y su renacer Smart.

El patrimonio inmobiliario debe ser accesible e inclusivo. El marco normativo asegura la accesibilidad física. Sin embargo, las discapacidades cognitivas no están cubiertas y el técnico no dispone de apoyo o referencias. La Universidad San Pablo CEU forma discapacitados como Consultores en Accesibilidad Universal. Su perfil es: inteligencia límite, problemática cognitiva y, en algunos casos, discapacidades físicas asociadas. Desde la visión única de estos alumnos se provee al proyectista y al técnico de información para dotarle de herramientas y recursos en la etapa de proyecto y construcción. El reto radica en formar personas sin preparación técnica, con limitaciones cognitivas, en grupos de alumnos de muy diferentes capacidades y habilidades. La pedagogía utilizada es la de aprender haciendo. La docencia se organiza en torno a cuatro ideas: introducción a los materiales y su comportamiento, docencia en clases taller para formar en léxico técnico, debate para desarrollar conceptos o evaluar, y aplicación de lo anterior a través del reconocimiento visual y la construcción de maquetas tridimensionales. Se trabaja en clases inclusivas con estudiantes veteranos de arquitectura obteniendo un doble beneficio: el discapacitado se entrena como consultor de apoyo y el de arquitectura trabaja en equipo y normaliza su relación con la discapacidad.

The Smart Citizen concept is at an early stage of research in the field of architecture and landscape architecture. ICTs and their use by citizens have been studied exclusively in the fields of engineering and telecommunications sciences as well as Artificial Intelligence. This study seeks to publicize the Smart Citizen concept in architecture and landscape from a spatial understanding and the perception of citizens with intellectual disabilities. A real case study developed by architects in collaboration with psychologists focused on the development of spatial intelligence for people with intellectual disabilities is presented in this study. “The students that participated in these activities belong to San Pablo CEU University course financed by ONCE Foundation (FONCE) and the European Social Fund.” The purpose is to question the effectiveness of the use of technologies for said cognitive development and how even the increased use of GPS navigator systems could be a detriment to the citizen when trying to orient him or herself in open spaces. The result to highlight in this review is to know if a person with a disability is equally capable of understanding a space and navigate it without the aid of GPS as a person without an intellectual disability. Both analogical tools (2D plan) and digital tools (GPS) are used under the same conditions. New lines of research are presented in the study of spatial intelligence through innovating tools or TICs in relation to urban elements where concepts like scale, proportion, light, and shade were identified

El Pardo was named Royal Site, in the reign of Fernando VI. His successor Carlos III proceeded to incorporate to its Heritage its hills and woods. It started then a new urban process and architectural building completed in 1802. After the Spanish Civil War in 1939, General Francisco Franco placed his residence in the Royal Palace of El Pardo. This village began processing and performing its urban and architectural context into an unrecognizable landscape. Diego Méndez, the architect Head of project, concealed a New Urban Development Plan promoted by General Francisco Franco. In order of Royal Gardening design there were two transformations which broke the original design to optimize the housing development or new public spaces. The first is about the Royal Palace Garden and the second one is about the Prince House Garden. This study aims to critically examine the social forces that shape and transform the two main Royal Gardens in this Royal Site in Madrid, Spain. Madrid is chosen as the study case, as part of a funded project entitled “Proximity Landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19th Century to the present”, (Cod. HAR2014-57843-R).