1. Investigación

El presente artículo describe un proyecto de innovación educativa de aprendizaje de competencias, realizado en el Curso Propio de Liderazgo de la Universidad San Pablo CEU, transversal a toda su oferta educativa. Se trata de nuevo proyecto basa- do en una docencia híbrida, donde las masterclass más teóricas se han complemen- tado con un aprendizaje basado en retos vinculados a materias de comunicación y sostenibilidad, aplicando la metodología Design Sprint. De esta forma, se consigue formar al alumno en las llamadas habilidades blandas, cada vez más demandadas por el entorno laboral.

Se presenta un proyecto de innovación educativa realizado en los cursos 20-21 y 21-22 de primero y segundo del Título Propio de Liderazgo de la Universidad San Pablo CEU de Madrid. Durante este curso académico se ha puesto en marcha en ambos cursos un nuevo proyecto educativo basado en la docencia virtual mixta (híbrida), donde las masterclass o sesiones más teóricas se han complementado con un Challenge Based Learning o Aprendizaje Basado en Retos (ABR) vinculado a las materias de ambos cursos, aplicando la metodología Design Sprint, para cuya realización se ha empleado la plataforma Teams. El objetivo era hacer partícipe al alumno de su proceso formativo, al pretender un aprendizaje experiencial de las soft skills, propias de cualquier curso de liderazgo, aplicando métodos agiles de trabajo, que son cada vez más utilizados en las empresas. En este sentido, el aprendizaje basado en desafíos ha supuesto una experiencia donde los participantes han desarrollado soluciones que requieren un enfoque interdisciplinario y creativo para el desarrollo de estas habilidades blandas.

The member countries of the European Union decided, two decades ago, to initiate a reform of university education, promoting the mobility and employability of students and emphasizing professional skills over the purely technical skills of each degree. Although the movement of university students between countries has been successful, there is still a significant gap between the demand for skills from the labor market and the university supply. Therefore, there is a need to investigate this fact and review from the employer's point of view, whether the skills training currently received by graduates of a Spanish university in the last three academic years is adequate to the demands of the labor market. For this, 367 interviews have been carried out from a database of 3,332 companies that have incorporated graduates of the university under study, either as interns or as employees; A mixed methodology is applied with online interviews and telephone interviews given the census nature of the study for those degrees with less demand. The research has a clear vocation for continuity, which will allow the analysis of the data to facilitate the guidelines towards a positive evolution of employability and skills training in future courses of different degrees, managing to reduce the existing gap between the labor demand of training in competencies and skills studies offered by higher education institutions.

Purpose: University learning of a group of competencies, also proposed by Bologna, is currently gaining importance: transversal competencies, already included in the OECD Competencies Report (2019) which, common to all university degrees, bring the student closer to a new reality and to a diverse professional future, where sustainable leaders will be one of the fundamental axes of any decision. Design/methodology/approach: The results of a massive survey that was carried out on how university students perceive and value these skills are analyzed, together with a series of qualitative interviews with employers, analyzing what deficiencies exist. Findings: The results show that soft skills are essential for the professional future of students and that they understand and value it. Likewise, it was observed that it is essential to establish a common system of certified recognition of these competences and that universities must develop instruments that facilitate their accreditation in the workplace through digital badges. implications: For its effective development, it is necessary to incorporate in the different degree studies a type of training anchored in the values and attitudes necessary to achieve a fairer and more balanced society, in line with what the Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4 and 8 mark. Originality/value: This study provides a vision of the need for training in certain skills to achieve a rapprochement between the labor market and the university.

The aim of this study is to validate the use of e-learning as a learning methodology after the urgent need generated by the pandemic. Methodology: A comparative analysis is carried out between scientific studies on the subject and social listening to contrast whether e-learning is still a reality today. We start by analysing the scientific activity in the Wos database through a bibliometric study, from which we extract a systemic review and a meta-analysis from 2019 to the present day. The PRISMA statement focuses this analysis on 50 articles from 26 sources from a total of 192 authors. Subsequently, through artificial intelligence and social network listening, we find out what is being said about e-learning. Results: By analysing and comparing the scientific and social results, conclusions are reached that shed light on the current challenges of using e-learning systems in higher education. Discussion: Despite the fact that e-learning should remain a learning style parallel to higher education, as demonstrated by the positive experiences of university students, teachers and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, currently research on the subject and mentions in networks show that this learning system has not followed an adequate development on an educational level. Conclusions: We can conclude that the rapid growth of e-learning during the pandemic has been relegated to a mere mirage, which we think should continue to grow in the near future.

La Universidad española está inmersa en un profundo cambio metodológico desde el Plan Bolonia de 1999, con innovaciones en los procesos docentes que convierten al alumno en un agente activo de los mismos. Tras el necesario desarrollo de contenidos profesionalizantes en los grados es necesario desarrollar el grupo de competencias denominadas transversales (incluidas en el Informe de Competencias de la OCDE de 2019).