1. Investigación

This article has two main goals. On the one hand, it will determine the current level of competition in the secondary education markets of the Madrid region through a series of indicators at municipal and district level (for the case of the city of Madrid). After that, it studies the effect of competition on academic performance, a variable that is seen as a key goal of the entire educational system, considering that the choice of the center will be determined by its ownership and location factors. Given that data is grouped into two levels (students and schools), a multilevel regression analysis will be performed. It is observed that, on average, competition has a positive effect on academic performance, although it penalizes immigrant students. These students tend to be enrolled in public schools, which have a below-average performance, and the probability that students´ parents have been to university is much lower than the figure for the whole of the student body. Bearing in mind the aspects that affect efficiency and equality, it would be advisable to promote educational policies which, while adding educational markets and seeking to increase the range of options available to applicants, offer advice to families of lower socio-economic levels and immigrant students, as well as incentives so that schools have a minimum percentage of students from families with lower socio-economic status.

El presente trabajo estudia la asociación entre el nivel de competencia al que están sometidos las escuelas y la calidad de su gestión, utilizando para ello una base de datos de corte transversal que incluye 1.800 centros educativos de ocho países distintos y cuya propiedad abarca desde administraciones públicas, cooperativas de enseñanza, fundaciones o empresas de capital riesgo, entre otros. El interés de esta investigación se pone de manifiesto ya que otros trabajos han demostrado que la calidad de la gestión de los centros educativos afecta directamente al rendimiento de los alumnos y por ende al desarrollo social. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la principal hipótesis de que la competencia se relaciona positivamente con la calidad de la gestión del centro. Si bien esta conclusión es relevante desde el punto de vista de la política educativa, es preciso tener en cuenta que la literatura ha mostrado posibles consecuencias negativas derivadas de la competencia entre centros, como son la tendencia hacia la segmentación de los centros y la creciente polarización de los mismos

In 1999 the European Council celebrated in Helsinki, on a proposal by the Commission, made Türkiye a candidate country for EU membership. To make further progress in the process, several reforms, both political and economic, had to be implemented. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to study the evolution of one of the leading macroeconomic indicators: unemployment. Secondly, through the estimation of dynamic econometric models, to analyze the possible differences in the evolution of unemployment in Türkiye and the EU27, depending on variables such as per capita income, population, inflation, investment, or public debt. Furthermore, what has been the effect that relevant events such as the Great Depression of 2008 and the pandemic have had on unemployment?

Unemployment is one of the main problems facing today's economies. In the context of the European Union, it is the Mediterranean economies that have traditionally shown a less favorable evolution of unemployment. This paper presents an explanatory model of the evolution of unemployment in two of these Mediterranean economies, Greece, and Spain, since the launching of the European Monetary Union. These were two of the European economies hardest hit by the Great Recession of 2008 and subsequently by the pandemic in 2020, so it is interesting to study which economic factors would explain the evolution of their unemployment rates. For this purpose, economic variables such as GDP pc, the output gap, investment, deficit, the employment rate by educational levels, inflation, labour productivity, labour force and public spending as a percentage of GDP. On the other hand, it is interesting to note to what extent Greece and Spain have or have not shown similar patterns of behavior of their labour markets so far this century, and what kind of economic policy measures could be put in place to ensure that both countries cease to have one of the highest unemployment rates in the EU. Finally, it will be analyzed how they have been affected by the Great Recession and the covid health crisis.

Antecedentes. En un contexto marcado por el modelo de aprendizaje colaborativo y constructivista y la rápida evolución de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, los equipos de gobierno de las universidades deben apoyar decididamente las iniciativas del profesorado en materia de innovación docente y promover acciones de impulso complementarias. Método. Uno de los objetivos de nuestro Vicerrectorado de Profesorado e Investigación es promover la innovación docente mediante el apoyo a la elaboración de un programa formativo adecuado para el profesorado; la convocatoria de premios de innovación docente; el apoyo a la celebración anual de congresos interfacultativos y la programación de talleres internos impartidos por los propios profesores. Resultados. Tras una participación creciente en todos los ámbitos a lo largo de los últimos años, durante el curso 2019-2020 nuestros profesores (alrededor de 1000) cursaron 7958 horas de formación y presentaron 21 proyectos a la convocatoria de premios de innovación docente y 103 comunicaciones al Congreso CEU de Innovación Educativa y Docente. Además, participaron en un número muy elevado de actividades adicionales de transformación digital, una situación extraordinaria impuesta por la pandemia. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos avalan la pertinencia de las iniciativas emprendidas y recomiendan su mantenimiento en el futuro.

One of the main concerns facing societies today is unemployment, although its evolution is not the same in all economies. Moreover, it is one of the variables that can not only delay but also prevent real convergence between the Member States of the European Union. This is the reason why it is necessary to know the determinants of the evolution of the unemployment rate. The aim of this paper is to present an explanatory model of unemployment since the beginning of the 21st century in two Mediterranean economies, Greece and Cyprus, which have important historical, cultural and economic ties. The identification of variables that may influence unemployment makes it possible to determine wheth er the response of the Greek and Cypriot authorities to reduce it has been adequate.