Lluesma Vidal, Marta

The present study aimed to investigate the perceived changes in lifestyle behaviors among Spanish university students during COVID-19-related confinement. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted during April 2020. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were then obtained. The FANTASTIC questionnaire was used to assess the lifestyles of the 488 participants who took part in the study. Of the participants, 76.3% were female. Overall, the lifestyles of university students significantly deteriorated during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. University female students were especially affected compared to their male fellows (p = 0.010). For women, social and family relationships (p < 0.001), personality (p < 0.001), interior (p < 0.001), and career (p < 0.001) were the aspects that worsened during confinement. For men, lack of physical exercise (p < 0.001), social and family relationships (p < 0.001), and career (p = 0.002) were affected to a greater extent. In both cases, confinement was a protective factor against the consumption of tobacco, toxins (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001). Gender (p = 0.008) and obesity (p = 0.044) were the two factors that most affected the change in the score of the FANTASTIC questionnaire. Spanish university students’ lifestyles worsened during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those of women, who were the most affected. Some aspects, such as those related to social and emotional behaviors, were deeply affected, while confinement could be a protective factor against previous toxic habits.

The aim of the present clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular versus classical strength-resistance training as part of a cardiac rehabilitation programme in patients following acute coronary syndrome. The study is designed as a double-blinded, randomised, and controlled clinical trial. Thirty participants suffering from acute coronary syndrome who meet our inclusion criteria will be recruited by a private tertiary hospital. The intervention group will follow 20 sessions of a cardiac rehabilitation programme divided into two parts: aerobic training and neuromuscular strength-resistance training. The control group will complete the same aerobic training as well as a classical strength-resistance training workout programme. The primary outcome of the study will be the mean difference in change from baseline in the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test. The secondary outcomes will be the cardiorespiratory fitness of the patients (assessed by means of the Chester Step Test), lower-limb performance (assessed with the 30-Second Chair Stand Test and Single- Leg Squat Test), lower-limb strength (hip flexor handheld dynamometry), sexual dysfunction assessment (Sex Health Inventory for Men) and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). This work will provide evidence for the effectiveness of a neuromuscular versus a classic strength-training programme in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-limb performance capacities and quality of life, in cardiac patients. The data obtained could lead to more effective and functional workouts which, in turn, may enhance the speed at which these patients can return to their everyday activities of life and improve the efficiency of their movement patterns and heart responses. Furthermore, patients may find neuromuscular workout routines more motivating and engaging, thus encouraging them to adopt healthier lifestyle patterns.

Purpose: Many patients with acute coronary syndrome experience problematic or altered sexual function. This aspect of the disease is frequently ignored or overlooked by the healthcare community even though it can strongly influence health-related patient quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of a specific cardiac rehabilitation programme focused on aerobic and neuromuscular strength-resistance training to those of a classic rehabilitation programme, both in terms of HRQoL and erectile dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: This study reports both secondary and unregistered outcomes from a double-blinded, randomised, and controlled clinical trial. The proposed intervention was based on the completion of a 20-session (10-week) cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with cardiovascular disease. The patient cohort had been diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome and was recruited at the Cardiology Service of a private tertiary hospital. The outcomes assessed in this study were HRQoL and erectile disfunction assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up. Results: A total of 30 participants were randomly allocated to each study arm. The results of the two-way mixed ANOVAs showed significant group × time interactions for all the outcome measures (EQ-5D_index, p = 0.004; EQ-5D_VAS, p = 0.017; QLMI-Q, p ≤ 0.001; and IIEF-5, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The neuromuscular strength training programme was more effective than the classic strength training programme in terms of increasing the HRQoL and improving erectile dysfunction in patients following acute coronary syndrome, with differences still remaining between these groups at the 6-month follow-up.

Objetivo: establecer y analizar una posible relación entre el estado nutricional, el patrón de sueño y la calidad de vida en una muestra de pacientes con disfunción cognitiva. Participantes y método: estudio observacional y descriptivo de un grupo de casos con una muestra constituida por 48 personas mayores (65 años o más) que aceptaron participar en el estudio y vivían en Valencia (España). EuroQol (EQ-5D), Cuestionario de Oviedo del sueño (COS), Mini Mental State de Folsteisn (MMSE) y Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) se utilizaron para evaluar el caso de cada individuo. La asociación de variables se evaluó mediante la correlación entre las tres variables. Finalmente, para verificar el papel y la capacidad predictiva de dos variables juntas, se calculó un modelo de regresión con el estado nutricional como variable dependiente, el patrón de sueño como variable independiente y la CVRS como una variable mediadora o supresora (los valores de p < 0,05 se consideraron significativos). Resultados: el perfil de los sujetos fue el de una mujer viuda de 81,5 ± 7,6 años, con educación primaria, diagnosticada con enfermedad de Alzheimer como demencia principal en el 16,7% de los casos. La puntuación del estado nutricional (MNA) fue de 29,95 ± 5,74, para el sueño/ descanso se obtuvo una puntuación de 17,53 ± 11,13 y para la EVA del Euro-Qol, 73,70 ± 26,95. Se obtuvieron correlaciones de Pearson estadísticamente significativas entre las distintas variables (p < 0,01). Se aplicó el análisis de regresión lineal, con el estado nutricional como variable dependiente, en relación con la COS y la EVA del Euro-Qol como predictores (variables independientes): MNA p < 0,000, COS p <0,014 y EVA p < 0,006. Conclusión: la puntuación COS y la puntuación EVA del cuestionario EQ-5D se pueden considerar como variables independientes para establecer un modelo predictivo para la puntuación MNA (nomograma). / Aim: to establish and to analyze a possible relationship between nutritional status, sleep pattern and quality of life in a sample of patients with cognitive dysfunction. Participants and method: an observational, descriptive study of a group of cases with a sample constituted of 48 elderly individuals (aged 65 or over) who agreed to participate in the study and lived in Valencia (Spain). EuroQol (EQ-5D), Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ), Mini Mental State de Folsteisn (MMSE) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used in evaluating each individual’s case. The association of variables was assessed by correlation between all three variables. Finally, to check the role and predictive capacity of two variables together, a regression model with nutritional status as the dependent variable, sleep pattern as an independent variable and HRQOL as a mediating or suppressing variable was calculated (values of p < 0.05 were considered significant). Results: the average profile of the subjects was that of an 81.5 ± 7.6 year-old widowed woman, with primary education, with 2.40 ± 1.09 children and diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease as principal dementia in 16.7% of the cases. The score of nutritional status (MNA) was 29.95 ± 5.74, for sleep/rest a score of 17.53 ± 11.13 was obtained and for the VAS of the Euro-Qol, 73.70 ± 26.95. Statistically significant Pearson correlations were obtained between the different variables (p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis was applied, with the nutritional status as dependent variable, in relation to the OSQ and the VAS of the Euro-Qol as predictors (independent variables): MNA p < 0.000, OSQ p < 0.014 and VAS p < 0.006. Conclusion: the OSQ score and the VAS score of EQ-5D questionnaire can be considered as independent variables to establish a predictive model for the MNA score (nomogram).

Aims and Objectives: To determine the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) on perceived pain and fear in children during vaccination and parental satisfaction with the procedure. Background: Virtual reality can reduce the perception of pain by children but only three studies have analysed its use during vaccination to date; these had small sample sizes and imperfect methodological designs. Design: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Methods: One hundred and sixty participants from the Tres Forques Health Center were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) (n = 82) in which distraction with immersive VR was used during the vaccination, while standard distraction techniques were used for the control group (n = 80). The primary outcome was pain (Wong–Baker FACES). Secondary outcomes included (Children's Fear Scale) and parental satisfaction with the vaccination procedure. Chi-squared tests were used for qualitative variables, relationships between quantitative variables were tested with Spearman correlations, and Mann–Whitney U- or Student t-tests were employed to assess the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables. Results: Compared to the controls, the children in the IG reported significantly less pain and fear, while parental satisfaction was significantly higher. Reported pain and fear did not differ according to the sex of the patient. Child age was not linked to fear but was related to pain: the younger the patient, the greater the pain they described. Conclusions: Immersive VR effectively controlled pain and fear in children during vaccination and increased parent satisfaction with the vaccination process. Patient sex did not influence the level of pain and fear but age did. Relevance to clinical practice: Improving vaccination experiences can reduce perceived pain and fear in children and increase parent satisfaction, thereby enhancing vaccination schedule adherence and improving group immunity. Reporting Method: The CONSORT Statement for non-pharmacological randomised clinical trials were followed.

Objective: To evaluate the effect on the satisfaction of nursing students and the participants of Service-Learning methodology in the development of Health Education workshops. Materials and methods: Service-Learning project was designed in four stages: 1) students training in knowledge about Community Nursing and Health Education; 2) development of healthy workshops for its implementation in associations; 3) implementation of the workshops; 4) reflection on Service-Learning impact. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to assess students’ satisfaction. It was also evaluated the workshops’ participant’s satisfaction. Results: students reported having a very high level of satisfaction by increasing their scores after improving Service-Learning methodology in the subject. In addition, participants who received health promotion workshops developed by nursing students reported a positive impact on their health. Conclusion: development of Service-Learning methodology associated with health education implies high level of satisfaction in nursing students and a social impact for the community.

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo en función del lugar de residencia (domicilio familiar frente a instituciones), comparándola con la autopercepción del estado de salud de ambos grupos. Material y métodos: estudio comparativo observacional transversal. La muestra estuvo formada por 71 sujetos, de los cuales 44 recibían cuidado informal en su domicilio y asistían a un centro de día (Valencia, España), y 27 que residían en un centro sociosanitario (Teruel, Valencia), ambos situados en zona rural. Los participantes fueron evaluados mediante el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson, Mini-Mental Test de Folstein (MMSE), test de fluidez verbal, autopercepción del estado de salud mediante escala visual analógica del Euro-Qol y variables sociodemográficas que incluyeron: sexo, edad, nivel de estudios, estado civil y número de hijos. Resultados: los principales resultados apuntan a que pese a que los pacientes que residen en sus hogares tienen un peor estado cognitivo en relación con el MMSE (diferencia de 3,09 puntos; p = 0,003) y la fluidez verbal (diferencia de 3,05 puntos 5,32; p = 0,000), su autopercepción del estado de salud es superior frente a aquellos que viven en un centro sociosanitario (diferencia de 21,22 puntos; p = 0,000). Conclusiones: los sujetos que residen en el domicilio presentan una autopercepción de su estado de salud mejor que aquellos que residen en el centro sociosanitario, pese a que su estado cognitivo muestra peores resultados. Este aspecto contribuye a la mejora de la utilización de los recursos necesarios hacia los ámbitos donde los cuidados sean más eficaces. / Objective: analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical variables in patients with cognitive impairment regarding to the place of residence (family home versus institutions), compare their self-perception of health status. Material and Method: observational comparative study. The sample was formed by 71 participants; 44 of them were living in their homes and attended to a day center and 27 of them resided in a Social Health Center. Participants were evaluated using the Charlson comorbidity index, Folstein Mini Mental Test (MMSE), verbal fluency test, self-perception of health status using Euro-Qol visual analogue scale and sociodemographic variables included: sex, age, level of studies, marital status and number of children. Results: the main results suggest that patients residing in their homes have a worse cognitive state compared to those who lived in Social Health Centers in relation to the MMSE (difference of 3,09 points, p=0,003) and verbal fluency (difference of 3,05 points 5,32, p=0,000). However, their self-perception of health status was higher (difference of 21,22 points, p=0,000). Conclusions: patients with cognitive dysfunction who reside in their homes have a better self-perception of their health status compared to those who reside in the Social Health Center. This aspect is of relevance to the improvement of the development of cost-effective strategies that encourage the health of patients with cognitive diseases.

Some studies have been conducted in Ethiopia to analyze the predictive factors associated with recovery or mortality in children with acute malnutrition, but no recent studies carried out in Oromia have analyze nutritional recovery status in this children. we studied the factors affecting nutritional recovery for survival in acutely malnourished children Southern Ethiopia. cohort study that included the children admitted to the (blinded for review) hospital (Oromia, Ethiopia) for acute malnutrition from January 2015 to December 2016 (n = 440). Kaplan–Meier tests and log-rank tests were used to describe the survival. Chi-squared tests and Spearman and Mann–Whitney U correlation tests were also employed. The mean survival time was shorter in children with severe versus moderate malnutrition at admission (49 days vs. 101 days; log-rank p = 0.042). The survival time was shorter in children with severe acute malnutrition at the time of admission. Survival time of children with moderate acute malnutrition was shorter in children who came from rural areas compared to urban areas. Severe acute malnutrition was associated with hospital stays, death rates, or transfer to another hospital. Practical implications: the results of this study may improve the care of children with malnutrition.