1. Investigación

Las Capillas Reales desempeñaron un papel relevante en Europa a lo largo de los siglos xvi, xvii y xviii. De manera especial en España, muy condicionadas por la configuración político-administrativa de la propia Monarquía a partir de un conglomerado de reinos, cada uno con sus correspondientes Casas Reales y Capillas particulares en continuo proceso de adaptación a los usos y necesidades de sus titulares. Bastante conocida resulta la castellana, primera y más importante de todas las hispánicas bajo el reinado de Austrias y Borbones y por esta razón con abundante bibliografía al respecto. El caso descrito, sin embargo, contrasta con el de los territorios peninsulares de la Corona de Aragón, prácticamente ignorados por la historiografía actual. Véase sino la Capilla del Palacio Real de Valencia, cuyo ignoto devenir –desde sus orígenes posteriores a la conquista cristiana hasta la extinción sobrevenida con la guerra de Independencia– sale por fin a la luz, bien es cierto que para los tiempos modernos fundamentalmente, caracterizados –no de manera casual– por la progresiva decadencia de esta.

Introducción: El 31 de diciembre de 2019 la OMS reportó el primer caso de una nueva infección respiratoria en Wuhan, marcando el inicio de la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19. Este estudio analiza cómo la comunicación política 2.0 ha contribuido a prevenir y proteger a los ciudadanos durante las primeras etapas de la crisis. Específicamente, se examinan los 90 primeros días del 2020 (del 1 de enero al 31 de marzo), en la fase inicial -orientada a la preparación y la prevención- y de explosion de la crisis. Metodología: El trabajo presenta una perspectiva comparada entre Estados Unidos y España. Se analiza el contenido de los mensajes publicados en Twitter de Donald Trump, -@realdonaldtrump-, la Casa Blanca -@WhiteHouse-, y el Center for Desease Control and Prevention -@cdcgov-; y Pedro Sánchez -@sanchezcastejon-, el Ministerio de Sanidad -@sanidadgob-, y La Moncloa -@desdelamoncloa-. A través de un análisis en dos niveles, uno cuantitativo y otro cualitativo. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados muestran una estrategia comunicativa divergente. Los actores españoles siguieron adecuadamente las pautas de la comunicación de crisis sanitarias; en USA, específicamente en el perfil de Trump, se observa una estrategia de comunicación politizada, contribuyendo a polarizar la reacción pública ante el COVID Conclusiones: La comunicación política es esencial, no solo para la gobernanza y gestión de una crisis, sino para la preparación y concienciación de la ciudadanía. En el presente estudio, la estrategia comunicativa de las instituciones fue apropiada en los dos países analizados y ayudó a afrontar una crisis sanitaria sin precedentes.

Since its introduction in Spain in 2004, Aedes albopictus has rapidly spread across the country. Its aggressive biting behaviour causes nuisance, limiting outdoor activities. Also, its role as a vector of several arboviruses implies a major public health risk, with several cases of autochthonous dengue having been reported nationwide over the past few years. Control strategies usually focus on interventions in breeding sites. As such, accurate knowledge of the main larval habitats becomes a major priority in infested areas. A detailed identification of breeding sites of Ae. albopictus was carried out in the outdoors of 60 residential properties during July–August 2022 in El Vedat de Torrent (Valencia, Eastern Spain), an area recently colonised by this species. A total of 1444 real and potential breeding sites were examined. The most abundant potential larval habitat were plant pot plates (6.48 units/house), although a low infestation level was found, both for larvae (2.06% positivity, x̄ = 30.5 larvae/container), and pupae (0.51%, x̄ = 2.5 pupae/container). A total of 7715 larvae and 205 pupae were found in a disused flooded water pool depuration system. Animal drinkers, buckets and irrigation water containers were found to be the most common positive containers. No statistical difference was observed among the different container materials. A general statistical increase of 1 larva per 11.7 ml of water in breeding sites was detected. Breeding sites of other species such as Culex pipiens (n = 2) and Culex modestus (n = 1) were also rarely found in this residential area. To our knowledge, this is the first aedic index study carried out in Europe, and it provides valuable information about the main domestic breeding habitats of Ae. albopictus, which can greatly improve control programmes.

Aedes albopictus was first detected in the province of Valencia, Eastern Spain, in 2013. Since then, this invasive mosquito species has become a major pest in many municipalities due to its annoyance, but also to its importance as a public health concern as a potential vector of several arboviruses. Within the framework of the NESCOTIGER research project, several prevention and control activities were carried out during spring 2022 in the residential area of Torrent, a municipality recently invaded by the Asian tiger mosquito. An awareness campaign was conducted in the study area focused to both primary school students and residents. For children, talks in primary schools focusing on the basic aspects of the biology, prevention, control, and disease transmission of Ae. albopictus were conducted. For adults, a multi-pronged education campaign to mobilize the community in response to this mosquito species was devised, involving a series of workshops and local gatherings to raise awareness about Ae. albopictus. Additionally, a knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) study was conducted on both children (n = 544; 75.7%) and adults (n = 175; 24.3%). Both adults and children showed low levels of knowledge concerning Ae. albopictus biology, control strategies, and breeding sites identification. Nevertheless, there was great interest in learning and participating in novel strategies against this Aedes invasive mosquito. Future awareness campaigns in the area should consider the information gathered here for the development of community-based strategies. This study is the first to collect information on the KAP of local community members since the detection of Ae. albopictus in Spain, and it is the first to compare KAP surveys between adults and children concerning this invasive mosquito.

El art. 16 de la Constitución española (en adelante, CE) sitúa la libertad religiosa como uno de los principios definidores de nuestro Estado en materia religiosa. Si partimos de la libertad religiosa como núcleo de nuestro Ordenamiento en la citada materia y, por tanto, de nuestra disciplina, la confesión religiosa se presenta como sujeto característico y nuclear del Derecho Eclesiástico.

A primary care physician (PCP) not only accompanies the patient in the process of an illness, but throughout his or her life. The confidence we have in these health professionals is fundamental, and their favorable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) has a significant influence on the population. Objective: To analyze trust in PCPs among Spanish medical and nursing students, the relationship with their attitude toward ODT, and the factors that condition it. Methods and Design: A sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. Population: medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Database: Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. Results: Completion rate: 90%. With respect to students’ trust in their physician, 18% (n = 3267) of them totally trust (completely), 45% (n = 8101) trust enough, 30% (n = 5478) of them have not enough trust, and 7% not at all. Comparing groups, medical students totally trust more in PCPs than nursing students (55% vs 45%; P < .000), however, nursing students have less than enough trust in their PCP than medical students (53% vs 47%; P < .000). Students that totally trust in their PCP were more in favor toward ODT than students with not enough trust (83% vs 77%; P < .000). Conclusion: Only 18% of Spanish medical and nursing students totally trust in their PCP. Attitude toward ODT is related to a higher level of trust in PCPs among these students.

Introduction: Information provided by health care professionals is crucial to create a climate of social opinion. This is important in organ donation and transplantation (ODT), where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. Objective: To determine the attitude toward the Law of Presumed Consent (LPC) among Spanish university students and to analyze their relation with attitude toward ODT. Methods: and design. The type of study was a sociologic, multicenter, observational study. The population included medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Database of Collaborative International Donor Project was used stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (Collaborative International Donor Project, organ donation and transplantation questionnaire in Spanish [PCID-DTO-RIOS]) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students was analyzed (99% confidence and precision of ±1%) and stratified by geographic area and year of study. Results: Completion rate was 90%. Regarding attitude toward LPC, 66% of the students were against the law, whereas 34% accepted it. Of the students surveyed, 9% considered the law as a gesture of solidarity, 25% as an effective way of not wasting organs, 48% as an abuse of power, and 18% as offenses against the family. Those students who were in favor of LPC also had a more favorable attitude toward ODT (86% vs 76%; P < .001). Comparing groups, nursing students were less in favor of LPC than medical students (32% vs 36%; P < .000). Conclusion: Sixty-six percent of Spanish university medical and nursing students were against the LPC. The favorable attitude toward ODT is associated with considering the law as a gesture of solidarity or as an effective way of not wasting organs.