Fabrication of a promising hierarchical porous surface on Titanium for promoting biocompatibility

Abstract

The e ects of the nano-titanium hydrides (nano- -TiH) phase on the formation of nanoporous Ti oxide layer by the potential approach (hydrogen fluoride (HF) pretreatment and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) anodization) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray di ractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The nano- -TiH phase was formed by the HF pretreatment with various current densities. After the NaOH anodization, the nano- -TiH phase was dissolved and transformed into nanoporous rutile-Ti dioxide (R-TiO2). As the Ti underwent HF pretreatment and NaOH anodization, the microstructure on the surface layer was transformed from -Ti!( -Ti + nano- -TiH)!( -Ti + R-TiO2). In-vitro biocompatibility also indicated that the Ti with a hierarchical porous (micro and nanoporous) TiO2 surface possessed great potential to enhance cell adhesion ability. Thus, the potential approach can be utilized to fabricate a promising hierarchical porous surface on the Ti implant for promoting biocompatibility.