2. Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/10637/13

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
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    Effect of selection for growth rate on the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) immune system and its response after experimental "Staphylococcus aureus" infection2023-09

    The aim of the work was to evaluate if genetic selection for daily gain may affect the immune system. Two experiments were performed. The first one involved 80 rabbit females and their first two litters to explore the effect of selection on the ability of animals to maintain immune competence. Two generations from a line selected for average daily gain (ADG) were evaluated (VR19 generation 19th, n = 43; VR37 generation 37th, n = 37). In females, the effect of selection and its interaction with physiological state were not significant for any trait. In litters, the selection criterion increased the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio. The second experiment involved 73 19-week-old females (VR19, n = 39; VR37, n = 34) to explore the effect of genetic selection on immune response after S. aureus infection. The VR37 rabbit females had lower counts for total lymphocytes, CD5+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, monocytes, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and platelets than those of VR19 (-14, -21, -25, -15, -33, -18, -11 and -11%, respectively; P < 0.05). VR37 had less erythema (-8.4 percentage points; P < 0.05), fewer nodules (-6.5 percentage points; P < 0.05) and a smaller nodule size (-0.65 cm3 on 7 day post-inoculation; P < 0.05) compared to VR19. Our study suggests that genetic selection for average daily gain does not negatively affect the maintenance of a competent immune system or the ability to establish immune response. It seems that such selection may improve the response to S. aureus infections.

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    Pathogenesis of intradermal staphylococcal infections: rabbit experimental approach to natural "Staphylococcus aureus" skin infections2020-06

    Despite the enormous efforts made to achieve effective tools that fight against Staphylococcus aureus, the results have not been successful. This failure may be due to the absence of truly representative experimental models. To overcome this deficiency, the present work describes and immunologically characterizes the infection for 28 days, in an experimental low-dose (300 colony-forming units) intradermal model of infection in rabbits, which reproduces the characteristic staphylococcal abscess. Surprisingly, when mutant strains in the genes involved in virulence (JΔagr, JΔcoaΔvwb, JΔhla, and JΔpsmα) were inoculated, no strong effect on the severity of lesions was observed, unlike other models that use high doses of bacteria. The inoculation of a human rabbitized (FdltBr) strain demonstrated its capacity to generate a similar inflammatory response to a wild-type rabbit strain and, therefore, validated this model for conducting these experimental studies with human strains. To conclude, this model proved reproducible and may be an option of choice to check both wild-type and mutant strains of different origins.

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    Genomic characterization of "Staphylococcus aureus" in wildlife2023-03-15

    Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic multi-host pathogen that threatens both human and animal health. Animals can act as a reservoir of S. aureus for humans, but very little is known about wild animals’ epidemiological role. Therefore, in this study, we performed a genomic characterization of S. aureus isolates from wildlife, hunters, and their auxiliary hunting animals of Eastern Spain. Of 20 different species, 242 wild animals were examined, of which 28.1% were S. aureus carriers. The common genet, the Iberian ibex, and the European hedgehog were the species with the highest S. aureus carriage. We identified 30 different sequence types (STs), including lineages associated with wild animals such as ST49 and ST581, multispecies lineages such as ST130, ST398, and ST425, and lineages commonly isolated from humans, including ST1 and ST5. The hunters and the single positive ferret shared ST5, ST398, or ST425 with wild animals. In wildlife isolates, the highest resistance levels were found for penicillin (32.8%). For virulence factors, 26.2% of them carried superantigens, while 14.8% harbored the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which indicates probable human origin. Our findings suggest that wild animals are a reservoir of clinically relevant genes and lineages that could have the potential to be transmitted to humans. These data support the notion that wildlife surveillance is necessary to better understand the epidemiology of S. aureus as a pathogen that circulates among humans, animals, and the environment.

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    Sarna en conejos2020-04-23

    La sarna es una enfermedad de la piel altamente contagiosa causada por una o varias especies de ácaros, que puede producir inmunosupresión y reacciones inflamatorias. En el conejo, Sarcoptes scabiei y Psoroptes equi cuniculi son los ácaros que producen esta patología en mayor medida. El diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad son relativamente sencillos una vez se evidencia la sintomatología en los animales; pero si no se instauran tratamientos y medidas de control en las granjas afectadas, la infestación por sarna puede provocar graves pérdidas económicas.

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    Patologías del aparato reproductor en conejas2019-10-23

    Las conejas reproductoras son el eslabón más importante en la cadena productiva, ya que su enfermedad puede resultar en una mayor mortalidad entre los gazapos. Existen diferencias en las enfermedades que afectan a los conejos según la edad, así las patologías digestivas y respiratorias son más comunes en conejos jóvenes, mientras que las enfermedades respiratorias y reproductivas son la principal causa de muerte en hembras adultas. Debemos tener en cuenta, tanto los problemas reproductivos (esterilidad, subfecundidad, etc.) como las patologías reproductivas (mastitis, metritis, etc.), ya que la reproducción ocupa el 90% de la vida productiva de una coneja.

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    Patologías digestivas del conejo2020-01-23

    Las patologías digestivas son una de las principales enfermedades que afectan al sector cunícola, debido a su elevada mortalidad y morbilidad, sobre todo en el periodo de destete, lo cual supone una gran pérdida económica y el empeoramiento de los índices productivos. La etiología puede ser muy variada y los signos clínicos muy similares, lo cual dificulta su diagnóstico. Se pueden clasificar según su etiología en: bacterianas, entre las que se encuentran la colibacilosis, clostridiosis, enfermedad de Tyzzer, salmonelosis y enteropatía proliferativa; parasitarias, como la coccidiosis y criptosporidiosis; víricas, como rotavirus o parvovirus; y la enteropatía mucoide o enterocolitis epizoótica del conejo, todavía de etiología desconocida. En este artículo se realiza una breve descripción de todas ellas, sin olvidar que además de controlar el agente causal, se debe tener muy en cuenta la alimentación y manejo de los animales, así como la higiene en la explotación.

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    Pasteurelosis en el conejo y la influencia de las condiciones ambientales2020-10-23

    Pasteurella multocida es uno de los patógenos más importantes que infectan a los conejos, provocando importantes pérdidas económicas en la cría comercial. La presentación de esta enfermedad es muy variada, siendo la forma más común que podemos observar a nivel respiratorio la presencia de rinitis, otitis y neumonía, así como metritis, abscesos y mastitis. Abordaremos distintos aspectos relacionados con la patogenia, así como el diagnóstico diferencial con la mixomatosis y la enfermedad vírica hemorrágica. Además, nos centraremos en la prevención, siendo las medidas higiénicas las más eficientes a la hora de disminuir el porcentaje de los enfermos.

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    Principales patologías respiratorias en conejos2019-10-23

    Las infecciones del aparato respiratorio ocupan el segundo lugar en importancia, tanto por el porcentaje de granjas afectadas, como por el número de animales que enferman. Afectan tanto a explotaciones comerciales en naves cerradas, como explotaciones al aire libre, sobre todo si las condiciones climáticas son inapropiadas. Los procesos del aparato respiratorio generan graves pérdidas económicas, por su influencia en el rendimiento de todos los eslabones de la cadena productiva, desde los gazapos hasta los adultos, y también por el elevado coste que su control exige. Entre las patologías respiratorias más comunes, destaca la pasteurelosis, la cual presenta signos clínicos y formas de presentación diversas: rinitis-coriza, neumonía, otitis, abscesos, mastitis, metritis y la forma septicémica. Debemos hacer un diagnóstico diferencial con la mixomatosis atípica, que cursa con rinitis, blefaritis y conjuntivitis, la cual se tratará a continuación. En este artículo también hablaremos de la enfermedad hemorrágica vírica, que puede confundirse con la pasteurelosis septicémica.

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    Differences in virulence between the two more prevalent "Staphylococcus aureus" clonal complexes in rabbitries (CC121 and CC96) using an experimental model of mammary gland infection2020-02-13

    Staphylococcal mastitis is a major health problem in humans and livestock that leads to economic loss running in millions. This process is currently one of the main reasons for culling adult rabbit does. Surprisingly, the two most prevalent S. aureus lineages isolated from non-differentiable natural clinical mastitis in rabbits (ST121 and ST96) generate different immune responses. This study aimed to genetically compare both types of strains to search for possible dissimilarities to explain differences in immune response, and to check whether they showed similar virulence in in vitro tests as in experimental intramammary in vivo infection. The main differences were observed in the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) and the immune-evasion-cluster (IEC) genes. While isolate ST121 harboured all six egc cluster members (seg, sei, selm, seln, selo, selu), isolate ST96 lacked the egc cluster. Strain ST96 carried a phage integrase Sa3 (Sa3int), compatible with a phage integrated into the hlb gene (β-haemolysin-converting bacteriophages) with IEC type F, while isolate ST121 lacked IEC genes and the hlb gene was intact. Moreover, the in vitro tests confirmed a different virulence capacity between strains as ST121 showed greater cytotoxicity for erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages than strain ST96. Differences were also found 7 days after experimental intramammary infection with 100 colony-forming units. The animals inoculated with strain ST121 developed more severe gross and histological mastitis, higher counts of macrophages in tissue and of all the cell populations in peripheral blood, and a significantly larger total number of bacteria than those infected by strain ST96.