1. Investigación

To assess the effects of a progressive resistance training program at different intensities on health-related quality of life, anxiety, and motivation towards engaging in physical activity among older people. Prospective, municipal multicenters, non-randomized controlled trial. 76 older adults were assigned to: vigorous intensity (n = 19), vigorousmoderate intensity (n = 21), moderate intensity (n = 19), or control group (n = 17). The exercise groups performed six exercises with elastic bands per session, twice a week, for 8 months. Vigorous intensity, vigorous-moderate intensity and moderate intensity group performed 6, 10 and 15 repetitions, respectively. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, trait and state anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and motivation towards engaging in physical activity using the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. The moderate intensity group showed a significant increase in the summary of the physical components of health-related quality of life (p = 0.001; ηp2 = 0.158) and a significant decrease in external regulation (p = 0.002; ηp2 = 0.145) and amotivation (p = 0.013; ηp2 = 0.97). In contrast, the vigorous intensity group showed a significant increase in state anxiety (p = 0.004; ηp2 = 0.076) and a significant decrease in introjected regulation (p = 0.018; ηp2 = 0.097). Moderate intensity strength training programs are best suited for older adults because they improve health-related quality of life and decrease less self-determined forms of regulation, all without increasing anxiety states.

Objetivo: establecer y analizar una posible relación entre el estado nutricional, el patrón de sueño y la calidad de vida en una muestra de pacientes con disfunción cognitiva. Participantes y método: estudio observacional y descriptivo de un grupo de casos con una muestra constituida por 48 personas mayores (65 años o más) que aceptaron participar en el estudio y vivían en Valencia (España). EuroQol (EQ-5D), Cuestionario de Oviedo del sueño (COS), Mini Mental State de Folsteisn (MMSE) y Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) se utilizaron para evaluar el caso de cada individuo. La asociación de variables se evaluó mediante la correlación entre las tres variables. Finalmente, para verificar el papel y la capacidad predictiva de dos variables juntas, se calculó un modelo de regresión con el estado nutricional como variable dependiente, el patrón de sueño como variable independiente y la CVRS como una variable mediadora o supresora (los valores de p < 0,05 se consideraron significativos). Resultados: el perfil de los sujetos fue el de una mujer viuda de 81,5 ± 7,6 años, con educación primaria, diagnosticada con enfermedad de Alzheimer como demencia principal en el 16,7% de los casos. La puntuación del estado nutricional (MNA) fue de 29,95 ± 5,74, para el sueño/ descanso se obtuvo una puntuación de 17,53 ± 11,13 y para la EVA del Euro-Qol, 73,70 ± 26,95. Se obtuvieron correlaciones de Pearson estadísticamente significativas entre las distintas variables (p < 0,01). Se aplicó el análisis de regresión lineal, con el estado nutricional como variable dependiente, en relación con la COS y la EVA del Euro-Qol como predictores (variables independientes): MNA p < 0,000, COS p <0,014 y EVA p < 0,006. Conclusión: la puntuación COS y la puntuación EVA del cuestionario EQ-5D se pueden considerar como variables independientes para establecer un modelo predictivo para la puntuación MNA (nomograma). / Aim: to establish and to analyze a possible relationship between nutritional status, sleep pattern and quality of life in a sample of patients with cognitive dysfunction. Participants and method: an observational, descriptive study of a group of cases with a sample constituted of 48 elderly individuals (aged 65 or over) who agreed to participate in the study and lived in Valencia (Spain). EuroQol (EQ-5D), Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ), Mini Mental State de Folsteisn (MMSE) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used in evaluating each individual’s case. The association of variables was assessed by correlation between all three variables. Finally, to check the role and predictive capacity of two variables together, a regression model with nutritional status as the dependent variable, sleep pattern as an independent variable and HRQOL as a mediating or suppressing variable was calculated (values of p < 0.05 were considered significant). Results: the average profile of the subjects was that of an 81.5 ± 7.6 year-old widowed woman, with primary education, with 2.40 ± 1.09 children and diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease as principal dementia in 16.7% of the cases. The score of nutritional status (MNA) was 29.95 ± 5.74, for sleep/rest a score of 17.53 ± 11.13 was obtained and for the VAS of the Euro-Qol, 73.70 ± 26.95. Statistically significant Pearson correlations were obtained between the different variables (p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis was applied, with the nutritional status as dependent variable, in relation to the OSQ and the VAS of the Euro-Qol as predictors (independent variables): MNA p < 0.000, OSQ p < 0.014 and VAS p < 0.006. Conclusion: the OSQ score and the VAS score of EQ-5D questionnaire can be considered as independent variables to establish a predictive model for the MNA score (nomogram).