1. Investigación

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease, and the main reservoir of the parasite is the dog, although recent years have seen an increase in other mammalian species. In the Mediterranean region, where it is an endemic disease, it is caused by the species Leishmania infantum. The Ibizan hound, an autochthonous breed of this region, appears to have a genetic resistance to parasitic infection, whereas other canine breeds, such as the Boxer, are susceptible to infection. These differences are related to the differentiated activation of the immune response, with the Ibizan hound activating the Th1 immune response, whereas the Boxer breed triggers the Th2 immune response. Cytokine levels and genomic haplotypes of several genes involved in the immune response were analysed in twenty-eight Ibizan hound (resistant canine breed model) and twenty-four Boxer (susceptible canine breed) without clinical signs in the Mediterranean region. Cytokine levels were analysed by ELISA commercial kits and haplotypes were studied using CanineHD DNA Analysis BeadChip including 165,480 mapped positions. The results show 126 haplotypes associated with differential immune response in dogs. Specifically, haplotypes in IL12RB1, IL6R, CIITA, THEMIS, NOXA1, HEY2, RAB38, SLC35D2, SLC28A3, RASEF and DAPK1 genes are associated with serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, and IL-18. These results suggest that the resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania infantum infection could be a consequence of haplotypes in several genes related to immune response. Future studies are needed to elucidate the relationship of these haplotypes with immune response and gene expression regulation.

Las consultas relacionadas con cojera son frecuentes en la clínica veterinaria diaria. Los métodos de diagnóstico diferencial ordenado son necesarios y útiles en el quehacer diario de la consulta, evitando errores por omisión. En el presente trabajo se revisarán las causas de cojeras no traumáticas del miembro posterior de aparición más frecuente en el perro. Con ello, se pretende mostrar un método ordenado de diagnóstico y pautas básicas de tratamiento de las cojeras. Puesto que el objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar de forma amplia las posibles causas de cojera no traumáticas del miembro posterior, nos es imposible profundizar en los tratamientos y pronósticos. Por ello, recomendamos al lector recurrir a textos especializados para ampliar la información de este tema.

Here, we describe a 3-month-old XX male French Bulldog.The diagnosis was based on the clinical signs, gonadalhistology and cytogenetic analysis. Additionally, the dog wasconfirmed to be Sry negative by semi-quantitative reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR). CanineSry-negative XX sex reversal is a disorder of gonadaldevelopment where individuals who have a female karyotypedevelop testes or ovotestes. To our knowledge, this case is thefirst XX male sex reversion described in a French Bulldog.

Clinical signs, imaging findings and long-term follow-up of 3 West Highland white terrier dogs with constrictive myelopathy secondary to caudal articular vertebral process dysplasia are described. Clinical signs were consistent with an acute or chronic T3–L3 myelopathy in all dogs. Diagnostic imaging revealed hypoplasia or aplasia of the caudal articular vertebral processes, extradural compressive myelographic pattern (hourglass-like pattern) with a reduced diameter of the spinal cord, and focal thickening of extradural soft tissues. Medical treatment initially improved the clinical signs in 2 dogs; however, mild proprioceptive deficits remained in all cases.