Medicina

Titres of parasite-specific IgE were investigated in 19 patients thought to have recurrent, acute mticaria caused by sensitization to Anisakis simplex (Dujardin, 1845), before and after they were placed on a fish-free diet. Patients with other allergic disease and those being treated with corticosteroids or antihistaminics were excluded. Skin-prick tests were carried out with A. simplex extract, and blue- and white-fish extracts. The CAP system (Pharmacia), a commercial test kit developed for the assay of food-specific IgE, was used to monitor serum concentrations of total IgE and antigen-specific IgE against Anisakis, Ascaris, Echinococcus, Toxocara, tuna, salmon, shrimp, mussel and cod. Before going on a fish-free diet, the 19 patients had CAP scores against A. simplex of 5 (three cases), 3 (seven) or 2 (nine). After a mean of 120 days on the diet, the scores against A. simplex were unchanged in 15 of the cases, reduced in three [from 5 to 4 (one case) or from 2 to O (two cases)] and increased in one (from 2 to 3). Most (16) of the patients no longer had any urticaria and the others reported significant reductions in the intensity and frequency of their symptoms.

Using Western blot techniques, the specificities of crude and purified (PAK and PAS) Anisakis simplex antigens were compared against 24 sera from patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitization. All patients recognized a 60 kDa protein against the A. simplex crude extract, while 37.5% and 12.5% reacted with proteins of 40 and 25 kDa, respectively, when IgG was tested. In the case of IgE determination, 41.6% of sera were negative, while 12.5% and 20.8% appeared to cross-react against Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum, respectively. When the PAK antigen (A. simplex antigen purified by means of a column of IgG anti-A. simplex) was tested, immune recognition towards the 60, 40 and 25 kDa proteins increased in 83.3%, 16.7% and 4.2%, respectively, when the Ig antibodies were tested. In the case of the PAS antigen (PAK antigen purified by means of a column of IgG anti-A. suum), the reaction against the 40 and 25 kDa proteins increased to 45.8% and 25%, respectively, when Ig antibodies were used. Finally, when the EAS antigen (eluted from the anti-A. suum column after PAK purification) was tested, 83.3% of the assayed sera reacted against the 14 kDa protein, when the Ig antibodies, IgG and IgM immunoglobulins were measured. With the IgE determination, the reactions were observed in 41.7% of patients with proteins between 60 and 35 kDa against the PAS antigen. With the EAS antigen, reactive bands of 184, 84 and 14 kDa appeared. In conclusion, in the purification process of the A. simplex larval crude extract, the proteins implicated in cross-reactions with Ascaris and Toxocara were eliminated, with an important concentration of proteins responsible for the induction of specific responses.

A majority of Kudoa spp. infects the somatic muscle of fish establishing cysts. Previously, elevated humoral responses were detected in BALB/c mice immunised with Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extracts and in BALB/c mice orally inoculated with Kudoa sp. pseudocysts, as well as the presence of anti-Kudoa sp. antibodies in human sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The objective of this work was to test Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extracts by the skin prick test. Fifteen patients with gastroallergic and/or allergic symptoms related to fish ingestion were examined. Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extracts were administered (1 mg/ml) on the volar forearm skin. Four of the 15 selected patients were positive to Kudoa sp. extracts. The saline solution negative control did not induce any reaction.