Escuela de Politécnica Superior

A partir de un modelo estructural básico, definido por nervios cuatripartitos de curvatura esquifada y bastidor horizontal de base, se realizan diferentes simulaciones numéricas por discretización de puntos, considerando el factor de forma de su geometría, variable. El método aplicado sirve para confirmar que el coeficiente de seguridad resultante de la comparación realizada a los modelos, se optimiza al reducir progresivamente la relación entre la superficie de la envolvente y el volumen encerrado por la estructura espacial. El modelo es sometido a la acción de cargas permanentes y acciones de viento con efecto prolongado en su aplicación cuasiestática. Se realiza un análisis del comportamiento sobre la estructura portante tanto de manera aislada como considerando las cargas totales, determinando por cada configuración de forma las zonas más desfavorables solicitadas y la evaluación de cargas dominantes. Asimismo se consideran en la modelización, los casos materiales para la estructura de acero al carbono en la parte inferior horizontal de la base, adoptando la solución tanto con aleación metálica de aluminio como de fibra de vidrio en la parte superior de los nervios cuatripartitos.

Partiendo de una estructura autoportante, se pretende mostrar las consideraciones y modificaciones de diseño llevadas a cabo para desarrollar la optimización de un suelo rígido acero-bambú para dicha estructura. Se justifica la elección de los materiales a través de sus propiedades mecánicas y coste, mostrando las ventajas del empleo del bambú como material de construcción. Con el propósito de lograr el mejor resultado en la optimización del modelo, se emplea como metodología de trabajo la simulación numérica por medio de elementos finitos utilizando el software comercial Abaqus. Se llevan a cabo distintas configuraciones dentro de la estructura autoportante (empleando elementos de refuerzo) y en la propia configuración geométrica de los paneles de bambú y de su soporte de acero, generando tres modelos diferentes (A, B y C), de tal forma que sea posible, en las tres opciones, elaborar un análisis que relacione tanto los esfuerzos generados como el desplazamiento y la deformación que sufre la base sometida a estudio. Finalmente se realiza una comparación de los resultados obtenidos por medio de las simulaciones, para concluir cuál de ellos consigue la optimización más adecuada del modelo, observándose cambios significativos en la flecha y ciertas variaciones en los esfuerzos internos.

In areas where catastrophes, natural disasters or armed conflicts have occurred, the economic and social context of the affected population becomes vulnerable. In all of those cases, is it essential to provide, as fast as possible,security and therefore housing. Dwellings must achieve the main objectives of an emergency house: simple construction system, fast to build, and adaptable to any kind of placement. Once a shelter is given, and it provides basic habitability, a second step would include considering somatic and proprioceptive aspects to improve human health. The way refugees perceive the built space around them becomes a significant factor to achieve welfare. Thus, in this context, the design of living spaces should be developed trying to endeavor physical, mental, and social wellbeing of its occupants. This article aims to provide several basic habitability parameters, “bio-healthy markers,” which contribute, as far as possible, to acquire an optimal health state. These markers are analyzed in an emergency house prototype developed by REbirth INhabit research group, within VEM project (Reference Oracle MEADSAIR), sponsored by Airbus Defence and Space. This is a patent prototype with the reference ES2488790A1 Modular Adaptable Housing Architecture, with the international extension WIPO/PTC WO 2014/114836 A1.

According to the need of emergency houses all around the world, thedevelopment of a prototype (low cost and high strength structure) whichcould be placed anywhere becomes essential. This placement could be insusceptible areas to earthquakes, floods or armed conflicts. It has been studiedthe behaviour of a steel-bamboo hybrid structure compared with a steel-aluminiumhybrid one(in termsof strength).Finite elementssoftware hasbeenused to simulate both models. It has been obtained the maximum quantity ofbamboo which can be placed in the prototype achieving the optimum design.As far as strength is concerned, steel-aluminium is better than steel-bamboo;even though, it exists minimum difference (9.16%), which is despicableconsidering the advantages of bamboo. When using bamboo as alternativematerial, displacement varies because of the density of the elements. Thestructuralmodel becomeslighter and,according to that,it supposesan increasein the displacement (about 0.4 mm).

Getting a healthy and comfortable indoor environment in homes in southern Europe is a complicated task. In continental climates, with very cold temperatures in winter and very hot in summer, energy consumption greatly increases with air conditioning significant spending. To propose action guidelines for use of natural ventilation and to develop effective design strategies is essential. Therefore, and given a specific building type block of flats in Madrid, this article focuses on establishing what periods of the year natural ventilation is required to reduce energy consumption in air conditioning, also considering the quality of the outdoor environment and the design of the building. To develop this, a statistical study of the chosen type, that allows studying the direction and the wind speed in the area, is performed. Analysis of wind pressures in holes in the facade is performed by means of numerical simulations of fluid flow (CFD) inside to later infer in the natural ventilation rate required within policy parameters. With the data obtained, a study of energy saving is made as a function of natural ventilation rate established for the building type.