11.29.2010); (3) Speaking well depends on wealth and lexical adequacy, on how to connect discursive acts, on how to handle breaks, etc. (02.01.2010); (4) Andalusian is not an attempt against the correct Spanish (02.01.2010); (5) In Andalusia there is no single speech (02.01.2010); (6) As in any other variety, there is a good and a bad Andalusian (02.01.2010); and (7) There is a clear international vocation for Southern languages (08.15.1993 and 01.02.2010). Counterarguments such as the third would form part of the so-called communicative ones, although some of them come close to impressionistic appreciations, for example, when describing the Southern morphosyntax as purer, more regulated and more correct (12.13.2010) or that Andalusian, “cuando es un buen andaluz, suena maravillosamente” (02.01.2010).9

3. Conclusions

In this two explorations (from the bookish tradition to the digital press) and in our classification of the hate speech to Andalusian in all the detected manifestations and their instrumental uses (from disguised innocence to the disqualification of the political adversary), we believe we have contributed something more than a simple accumulation of data, within the saturation symptoms that are already beginning to be perceived, both in the subjects and in the samples that serve as empirical evidence. Let us express now, at the end of the work, our pessimism in overcoming this well-known stereotyping, bordering on stigma. If the experts have not even been able to mitigate it in their informative journalistic work, much less, we think, we will be able to do it by means of specialised discourse in an academic context. Comments from readers of the digital media attest to the validity of the hate speech to Andalusian. We end our article just as at the beginning, with the mention of another fundamental principle of statistics: if the sample is representative, the behaviour of the data that may arise in the future can be predicted. Despite all the aforementioned, we will not tire of appealing to the social justification of the research carried out by those who approach these issues, hoping that the disclosure, awareness or scientific explanation of reality will one day serve to counteract the negative effects, gradually scratching the ground to the domains of the topic.

4. Bibliographical references

Bourdieu, P. (2008). ¿Qué significa hablar? Economía de los intercambios lingüísticos. Madrid: Akal.

Cano Aguilar, R. (2009). “Lengua e identidad en Andalucía: visión desde la historia”, en Narbona Jiménez, A. (coord.). La identidad lingüística de Andalucía, 67-131. Sevilla: Centro de Estudios Andaluces.

Carriscondo Esquivel, F. M. (1999). Literatura y dialectología. Córdoba: Obra Social y Cultural de CajaSur.

Carriscondo Esquivel, F. M. (2019). “La periferia meridional frente al centro en el columnismo sobre la lengua”, en Marimón Llorca, C. (ed.). El columnismo lingüístico en España desde 1940. análisis multidimensional y caracterización genérica, 209-229. Madrid: Arco Libros.