Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/10637/2790

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    UCH
    Evaluating Osteoporosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: both bone quantity and quality matter2024-02-09

    Bone strength is determined not only by bone quantity [bone mineral density (BMD)] but also by bone quality, including matrix composition, collagen fiber arrangement, microarchitecture, geometry, mineralization, and bone turnover, among others. These aspects influence elasticity, the load-bearing and repair capacity of bone, and microcrack propagation and are thus key to fractures and their avoidance. In chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated osteoporosis, factors traditionally associated with a lower bone mass (advanced age or hypogonadism) often coexist with non-traditional factors specific to CKD (uremic toxins or renal osteodystrophy, among others), which will have an impact on bone quality. The gold standard for measuring BMD is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which is widely accepted in the general population and is also capable of predicting fracture risk in CKD. Nevertheless, a significant number of fractures occur in the absence of densitometric World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for osteoporosis, suggesting that methods that also evaluate bone quality need to be considered in order to achieve a comprehensive assessment of fracture risk. The techniques for measuring bone quality are limited by their high cost or invasive nature, which has prevented their implementation in clinical practice. A bone biopsy, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and impact microindentation are some of the methods established to assess bone quality. Herein, we review the current evidence in the literature with the aim of exploring the factors that affect both bone quality and bone quantity in CKD and describing available techniques to assess them.

  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    UCH
    Silver jubilee: 25 years of the first demonstration of the direct effect of phosphate on the parathyroid cell2022-11

    Although phosphorus is an essential element for life, it is not found in nature in its native state but rather combined in the form of inorganic phosphates (PO4 3−), with tightly regulated plasma levels that are associated with deleterious effects and mortality when these are out of bounds. The growing interest in the accumulation of PO4 3− in human pathophysiology originated in its attributed role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease. In this article, we review the mechanisms by which this effect was justified and we commemorate the important contribution of a Spanish group led by Dr. M. Rodríguez, just 25 years ago, when they first demonstrated the direct effect of PO4 3−on the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone by maintaining the structural integrity of the parathyroid glands in their original experimental model. In addition to demonstrating the importance of arachidonic acid (AA) and the phospholipase A2-AA pathway as a mediator of parathyroid gland response, these findings were predecessors of the recent description of the important role of PO4 3- on the activity of the calcium sensorreceptor, and also fueled various lines of research on the importance of PO4 3− overload not only for the pathophysiology of SHPT but also in its systemic pathogenic role.

  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    UCH
    Documento de información y consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica2022-05-27

    La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mun-dial afectando a más del 10% de la población espa˜nola. Se asocia a elevada comorbilidad,mal pronóstico, así como a un gran consumo de recursos en el sistema sanitario. Desde lapublicación del último documento de consenso sobre ERC publicado hace siete a˜nos, hansido escasas las evidencias y los ensayos clínicos que hayan mostrado nuevas estrategiasen el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la ERC, con excepción de los nuevos ensayos en la enfer-medad renal diabética. Esta situación ha condicionado que no se hayan actualizado lasguías internacionales específicas de ERC. Esta rigidez y actitud conservadora de las guíasno debe impedir la publicación de actualizaciones en el conocimiento en algunos aspectos, que pueden ser clave en la detección y manejo del paciente con ERC. En este documento, elaborado en conjunto por diez sociedades científicas, se muestra una actualización sobre conceptos, aclaraciones, criterios diagnósticos, estrategias de remisión y nuevas opciones terapéuticas. Se han revisado las evidencias y los principales estudios publicados en estos aspectos de la ERC, considerándose más bien un documento de información sobre esta patología. El documento incluye una actualización sobre la detección de la ERC, factores de riesgo, cribado, definición de progresión renal, actualización en los criterios de remisión con nuevas sugerencias en la población anciana, monitorización y estrategias de prevención de la ERC, manejo de comorbilidades asociadas, especialmente en diabetes mellitus, funciones del médico de Atención Primaria en el manejo de la ERC y qué no hacer en Nefrología. El objetivo del documento es que sirva de ayuda en el manejo multidisciplinar del paciente con ERC basado en las recomendaciones y conocimientos actuales.