2. Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU

A three- year- old spayed female Yorkshire terrier presented with a three- week history of lethargy and weight loss. physical examination showed left exophthalmos with left nasal discharge. a lesion in the left brainstem was suspected based on the neurological examination. pre/postcontrast Ct images were consistent with an extensive subdural empyema in the region of the left forebrain, extending from the level of the frontal to the occipital lobe. at presentation, transcranial Doppler (tCD) ultrasound was performed in the left (lmCa) and right middle cerebral arteries (RmCa) showing marked hyperaemia (lmCa velocity: 81.9 cm/s; RmCa velocity: 90.3 cm/s; reference ranges: lmCa velocity 62.3±10.9 cm/s; RmCa velocity 62.5±10.9 cm/s). a left- sided rostrotentorial craniectomy was performed, followed by medical treatment. tCD was monitored daily postoperatively returning to within the reference range ive days after surgery (lmCa velocity: 54.9 cm/s; RmCa velocity: 63.6 cm/s). normalisation of the systolic velocity was associated with clinical improvement. tCD is a useful and non- invasive method for monitoring of cerebral blood low in patients with intracranial empyema.

Transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography using alcohol saturation is used in the diagnostic workup of a variety of conditions in horses. The duration of the examination and the amount of alcohol used in each case may vary depending on several factors. The aim of this study is to describe the breath alcohol test results obtained by veterinarians performing abdominal ultrasound on horses. Six volunteers were enrolled, after written consent, and a Standardbred mare was used for the whole study protocol. Each operator performed a total of 6 ultrasounds by pouring the ethanol solution from a jar or by spray application, for a duration of 10, 30, and 60 min. An infrared breath alcohol analyzer was used immediately after completing the ultrasonography and at 5-min intervals until a negative result was obtained. Positive results were obtained for 0–60 min after the procedure. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups that used more than 1000 mL, 300–1000 mL, and less than 300 mL of ethanol. No significant differences were observed between the type of ethanol administration and the time of exposure. Based on this study, equine vets who perform ultrasound on horses can test positive at the breath alcohol test for up to 60 min following ethanol exposure.