2. Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU

The retina may suffer neurodegenerative damages, as other tissues of the central nervous system do, and serious eye diseases may develop. One of them is age-related macular degeneration, which causes progressive loss of vision due to retina degeneration. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration focuses on antioxidant agents and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor compounds, among others, that prevent/ diminish oxidative stress and reduce neovascularisation respectively. The phytochemicals, medicinal plants and/or plant-diet supplements might be a useful adjunct in prevention or treatment of age-related macular degeneration owing to their antioxidant and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor properties. This review article presents the most investigated plants and natural products in relation to age-related macular degeneration, such as saffron, ginkgo, bilberry and blueberry, curcuma or turmeric, carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins C and E. This study provides up-to-date information on the effects, treatments, safety and efficiency of these phytotherapy products.

Existen diversas herramientas informáticas aplicadas a mejorar la eficacia de los sistemas de evaluación. Zipgrade es un soporte informático, para uso en PC, tablet o como aplicación en el móvil, para la corrección y análisis automático de pruebas de tipo test. Las opciones que permite esta aplicación son: -Crear y editar respuestas clave. -Escanear las plantillas de respuesta con el teléfono móvil para corregir los exámenes. -Revisar los documentos que han sido escaneados. -Obtrner listados con las calificaciones de los alumnos. -Analizar la información de los datos escaneados (Opción Item analysis). -Resolver dudas en la web http://www.zipgrade.com Hemos querido comprobar si esta herramienta supone un avance en la mejora de la realización de pruebas de test y, en definitiva, en el sistema de corrección y evaluación de estas pruebas. Para ello se ha empleado esta aplicación en la corrección de una prueba realizada a 135 alumnos. La corrección de la prueba se realizó con el móvil, escaneando alrededor de 15 pruebas por minuto. Esta aplicación ha sido de gran utilidad por la reducción de errores en la corrección, la rapidez en la obtención de los resultados y el análisis exhaustivo de la estadística referente a los mismos. / There are different digital assessment tools that has been developed to improve the evaluation methods. Zipgrade is an ICT toll that is available on computer, phone or tablet; and it works as an optical grading machine. The tool will allow the user to: - Create new quiz and define key - Scan and grade examns using the phone camera - Create student grade sheets - Review graded papers and analyze them (Item analysis) - Solve any doubts on its website http://www.zipgrade.com We have studied if the use of Zipgrade improves the efficiency of multiplechoice question (MCQ) tests and their assessment methods. We have used Zipgrade to correct a MCQ test made by 135 students. Test grading was performed scanning the answer sheets using the camera what allowed to correct 15 test per minute. The use of Zipgrade has reduced the errors produced during the correction process and the time required to grade all tests. Moreover, it has been very useful for the exhaustive statistical analysis of the answers of the tests.

La clase invertida es un modelo pedagógico creado en 2012 por Jonathan Bergmann y Aaron Sams, profesores de Química en Woodland Park High School (Woodland Park Colorado). En este modelo, el profesor, en lugar de utilizar el tiempo de la clase para introducir nueva materia (vía lección magistral), previamente a que tenga lugar la clase proporciona a los alumnos, a través de la plataforma virtual, material docente (videos, artículos, podcast, etc.) para ayudarles a clarificar la materia objeto de estudio, de manera que puede utilizar el tiempo de la clase para realizar actividades docentes colaborativas. El material docente debe incluir las ideas principales de la unidad de estudio y puede ser creado por el profesor o descargado de internet. Esta actividad se ha desarrollado en el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2018-19 en las asignaturas Farmacología Clínica en el Grado de Farmacia y Farmacología del Grado en Medicina. Basándonos en los resultados obtenidos, la actividad ha resultado muy interesante para los estudiantes. La clase invertida les ha ayudado a clarificar conceptos y algunos estudiantes han considerado que tener conocimientos previos es importante para realizar la actividad, aunque no es esencial. / Flipped classroom is a pedagogical model created in 2012 by Jonathan Bergmann and Aaron Sams, Chemistry teachers at Woodland Park High School (Woodland Park Colorado). In this model, rather than taking up limited class time to explain a new concept (often via lecture), the teacher add a variety of learning material (videos, articles, podcast. etc.) to Blackboard before class. The objective is to introduce students to the concepts that they are going to study during class, freeing up class time for more collaborative activities. Learning material includes main concepts and ideas of the unit of study and it can be produced originally by the teacher or it can be acquired from internet. The activity has been carried out during the first semester of the academic year 2018-19 in the subjects Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacology in Pharmacy and Medicine degrees, respectively. Acquired knowledge of students was evaluated by Kahoot tests and a survey was conducted to analyse the student’s opinion about the activity. Kahoot results showed that 80 of the students pass the test. On the other hand, based on the results of the survey, the activity proved to be very interesting for the students. The flipped classroom helped them to clarify concepts and many of them considered that having previous theoretical background is important to understand the activity, although it is not essential.

By comparison with close contact interactions between benzene rings there is a paucity of experimental data available for attractive interactions involving aromatic heterocyclic rings, especially for small molecules in solution. Herein we describe aromatic heterocyclic and carbocyclic edge-to face interactions and conformational stereodynamics of N-1,2-diphenylethyl imines bearing a phenyl group and either a 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 2-thiophene or 2-furanyl moiety on the imino carbon. X-ray crystal structures have been determined for two compounds. Slow rotation about the phenyl–imino bond in the E-isomers and around the heterocycle–imino bond in the Z-isomers of the pyridyl compounds was observed at low temperatures by NMR. Abnormally large shielding of one ortho hydrogen indicates that both the imino phenyl and heterocycle rings can engage in an edge-to-face interaction with the N-terminal phenyl moiety in the appropriate isomer. Some rotational barriers around the phenyl–imino and heterocycle–imino bonds were measured.