1. Investigación

Achieving the successful recovery of sled dogs is one of the key tasks for veterinary teams involved in clinical care for middle-distance sled dog competitions. This study compares the efficacy of capacitive-resistive electrical transfer (CRet) with that of massage in the treatment of lower back pain in 40 short-haired sled dogs during a medium-distance snow sled race (LekkarodTM-2021). The dogs were divided into two groups: a CRet group (20 dogs) and a massage group (20 dogs). All subjects received a single 18 min treatment session and were evaluated one hour after the end of the treatment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed in which pre- and post-treatment pain measures were evaluated in relation to age and type of treatment. Older dogs were found to have higher significant pain scores before starting treatment. Both treatments reduce pain short-term in all cases. However, post-treatment pain values were significantly lower in dogs treated with CRet when compared to dogs treated with massage. The results show that capacitiveresistive electrical transfer has better short-term results and is beneficial in both younger and older dogs, making this technique attractive to veterinary teams working in canine sporting competitions.

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in pain pressure threshold (PPT) and active cervical range of motion (ACROM) after the application of superficial dry needling (DN) or deep DN in myofascial trigger point (MTrP) 1 of the upper trapezius versus a simulated DN technique in the gastrocnemius muscle (control group). Design: Double-blind, randomized controlled trial with 7-day follow-up. Participants: Asymptomatic volunteers (n = 180; 76 men, 104 women) with a latent MTrP 1 in the upper trapezius were randomly divided into three groups: G1, receiving superficial DN in the upper trapezius; G2, receiving deep DN in the upper trapezius; and G3, control group, receiving simulated DN technique in the gastrocnemius muscle. Main outcome measures: While sitting in a chair, each subject underwent measurements of PPT and ACROM (ipsilateral and contralateral side flexion and rotation, flexion and extension) preintervention, (immediately) postintervention, and at 24 h, 72 h and 7 days. Results: Superficial and deep DN produced an increase in PPT at 7 days with respect to preintervention levels. Furthermore, superficial and deep DN produced a decrease in cervical flexion at 24 h and an increase in ipsilateral rotation until 72 h, increasing to 7 days in the case of deep DN. On the contrary, superficial DN produced an increase in ipsilateral and contralateral side flexion after intervention, unlike deep DN that produced a decrease at 24 h. Furthermore, superficial DN produced an increase in contralateral rotation at 24 h and deep DN decreased extension at 72 h. Conclusion: A single intervention of superficial or deep DN did not produce statistically significant changes in PPT or goniometry measurements.

Introducción. En la actualidad no existe suficiente evidencia científica acerca de los efectos de las manipulaciones osteopática vertebrales mediante thrust sobre el flujo de las arterias y venas. El conocimiento preciso de los posibles efectos post-manipulativos en los valores hemodinámicos locales y sistémicos es necesario para establecer indicaciones y contraindicaciones precisas, así como para desterrar miedos infundados al uso de la terapia osteopática. Objetivos. El conocimiento que pretende alcanzar este estudio es la relación causa efecto, entre la manipulación cervical, en este caso en rotación de C1, y su impacto sobre los valores hemodinámicos de las arterias carótidas internas, el umbral de dolor a la presión y la movilidad rotatoria suboccipital en sujetos con cervicalgia. Material y métodos. Estudiamos una muestra de 89 sujetos (n=89) mediante estudio aleatorizado a doble ciego. Aleatorizados 59 sujetos con cervicalgia y test de flexión rotación positivos, 30 sujetos en el grupo intervención y 29 sujetos en el grupo control . También se realizó un grupo de intervención en 30 sujetos asintomáticos y con test de flexión rotación negativo. Al G1 (grupo de Experimental con disfunción) se le aplica la técnica manipulativa y al G2( grupo de control con disfunción) un placebo. En ambos medimos los valores hemodinámicos de flujo, velocidad, pulsatilidad, resistividad, presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca, así como valores algométricos y de rango de movilidad cervical superior, tras la intervención y 24 horas después y los comparamos con los valores basales previos. Al G3 ( grupo intervención en sujetos sanos) se les aplica la intervención manipulativa, en presencia de TFR neativo (Test flexión rotación). Resultados. Tras la intervención, observamos un aumento significativo en el G1 en la algometría post1, respecto de los valores basales. Una reducción significativa en el G1 respecto al G2 y G3 de los índices de resistividad en ambas arterias carótidas internas tras la intervención y a las 24 horas de la intervención. Un aumento significativo en el G1 respecto al G2 yG3 de los índices de pulsatilidad de ambas arterias carótidas internas post intervención y a las 24 horas de la intervención . En el grupo de sujetos asintomáticos no encontramos cambios significativos entre los valores basales previos y los valores post-manipulativos. Conclusiones. La técnica de thrust en rotación para C1 en sujeto con test de flexión-rotación (TFR) positivo parece aumentar la movilidad cervical, disminuir el umbral de dolor a la presión, reducir la resistividad y aumentar la pulsatilidad en ambas arterias carótidas internas. Así mismo aplicación de dicha técnica no genera cambios hemodinámicos potencialmente peligrosos en los sujetos del grupo experimental. / Introduction. There is currently not enough scientific evidence about the effects of osteopathic spinal manipulation with thrust on the flow of the arteries and veins. Precise knowledge of the possible post-manipulative effects on local and systemic hemodynamics is needed to establish precise indications and contraindications, as well as to banish unfounded fears about the use of osteopathic medicine Objectives. To know the cause and effect relationship between cervical manipulation, in this case rotation of Atlas, and its impact on the hemodynamics of internal carotid arteries, pain pressure threshold and suboccipital rotation in subjects with neck pain. Material and methods. We studied a sample of 89 subjects (n = 89), 30 in the group G1 ( intervention with positive test), 29 to the control group G2 ( placebo with positive test) and 30 subjects on group G3 ( intervention without positive test). The mean age was 31.76 ± 9.41 years. All subjects in G1 andG2 are diagnosed with cervical pain and have a positive flexión testd and rotation. Subjects in G3 has no positive test or neck pain. At G1 and G3 is applied manipulative technique and placebo at G2. In both hemodynamic values measured flow velocity, pulsatility, resistivity, high blood pressure and heart rate, as well as algometricos values and range of superior cervical mobility after surgery and 24 hours later and we compare with the previous baseline Results. After surgery, we observed a significant increase in G1 regarding pain threshold pressure (ALGO) Post 1 compared to baseline values. A significant reduction in G1 regarding resistivity indices in both internal carotid arteries, specially at 24 hours after the thrust . Immediate post reducing resistivity is significant too. A significant increase in GE1 compared to G2 and G3 pulsatility indices of both internal carotid arteries at 24 hours after surgery . Conclusions. The rotating thrust technique for C1 in subject with flexion-rotation test (TFR) positive appears to increase mobility, reduce pain pressure threshold, reduce the resistivity and makes pulsatility increase in both internal carotid arteries. Also application of this technique does not generate hazardous hemodynamic changes in experimental subjects.