1. Investigación

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on anxiety and depression scores in patients with different modalities of chronic kidney disease. One hundred and seventeen renal patients (50 hemodialysis patients, 13 peritoneal dialysis patients, 32 kidney transplants, and 22 advanced chronic kidney disease patients at pre-dialysis care) were evaluated for depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and perceived fears and resources with standardized (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) and self-reported questionnaires. The measure points were before vaccination and 15 days after vaccination. The main finding of the study was that there was a decrease in the global mean of normal scores for anxiety and depression symptoms in chronic kidney disease patients post-vaccination. We did not find statistically significant differences in depression or anxiety scores, nor any HRQOL differences between the treatment groups. The three main fears reported by the participants at baseline were those of adverse effects, not getting the vaccine, and lack of information. These findings highlight the potential interest of assessing psychological variables related to the impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. New studies will be required to assess the impact of comprehensive vaccine coverage and its psychological impact.

The use of cadavers is essential for veterinary anatomy learning. However, facing an animal corpse can be stressful for veterinary students because of their empathy toward animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate veterinary medicine students' emotions, feelings, and anxiety levels related to practicals with dog cadavers. Two questionnaires were administered to 1st year students (n = 168) at CEU Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia (Spain) before and after their first practical session with cadavers. The application of State–Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires showed that “state anxiety” decreased significantly (p < 0.05), from a score of 14.8 before the practical to 10.4 after, and that female students showed higher but not significantly different levels than males. Most (64%) of the students were not willing to donate the bodies of their pets, and those students were more stressed before the practical than their peers, although their anxiety levels significantly decreased by the end of the session. The majority of the students answered positively about emotions, such as feeling calm, safe, not nervous, relaxed and not worried before the practical, and this increased significantly to more than 80% by the end of the session. The visualization of educational videos prior to the session was evaluated positively by students. These results agree with those reported in other health science disciplines, showing that students face practical sessions with corpses in a similar way and suggesting that the use of videos can help decrease anxiety and enhance their learning experience.

Background: We aimed to determine the presence of alexithymia in patients with craniofacial pain (CFP) compared with asymptomatic individuals. Our secondary aims were to assess the relationship of alexithymia with anxiety and depression levels, as well as to assess the presence of facial emotion recognition deficit. Methods: Medline, Scielo and Google Scholar were searched, with the last search performed in 8 September 2021. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were calculated for relevant outcomes and were pooled in a meta-analysis using the random effects model. In addition, meta-analyses of correlations and a metaregression of alexithymia with depression and anxiety were performed. Results: Regarding alexithymia, assessed through the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the results showed significant differences, with higher values in patients compared with asymptomatic individuals, with a large clinical effect (SMD 0.46; 95% CI [0.22–0.71]; heterogeneity-Q 66.86; p < 0.001; inconsistency (I2) = 81%). We found statistically significant correlations with a small clinical effect of alexithymia with anxiety and depression. The meta-regression showed no significant association between the TAS and anxiety or depression. With respect to facial emotion recognition, the results showed statistically significant differences, with greater recognition difficulty in patients compared with asymptomatic individuals, with a large clinical effect (SMD −1.17; 95% CI [−2.01 to −0.33]; heterogeneity-Q 2.97; p = 0.080; I2 = 66%). Conclusions: Patients with CFP showed alexithymia with moderate evidence. There was also moderate evidence indicating that these patients had significant deficits in facial emotion recognition compared with asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, alexithymia showed statistically significant correlations with anxiety and depression levels.

Aunque existe un bloque de la literatura que estudia la relación entre psicología y lesiones deportivas, los estudios sobre personalidad resistente, ansiedad competitiva y competitividad son muy escasos. Esta revisión sistemática muestra que la información concerniente a estos resulta incompleta y, en ocasiones, es contradictoria. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar la literatura que analiza estos factores psicológicos en las lesiones de los deportistas. Se identificaron estudios significativos a través de una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed y Sport-Discus, extrayéndose datos sobre el dise˜no del estudio, participantes, variables, instrumentos y resultados. Se incluyeron 6 estudios, 2 referentes a personalidad resistente y otros 4 relacionados con ansiedad competitiva, sin encontrar ninguno significativo respecto a competitividad relacionada con lesiones deportivas. La evidencia inicial indica que mayores puntuaciones en personalidad resistente y menores puntuaciones en ansiedad competitiva disminuyen la vulnerabilidad del deportista a padecer lesiones deportivas. Se señalan estadísticamente y se discuten los resultados. Although there is a block of literature that examines the relationship between psychology and sports injuries, studies on hardiness, competitive anxiety and competitiveness are very scarce. This systematic review shows that the information concerning these is incomplete and, at times, contradictory. The purpose of this study is to review the literature that analyzes these psychological factors in the injuries of athletes. It was identified significant studies through a systematic search in PubMed and SportDiscus, extracting data on the design of the study, participants, variables, instruments and outcomes. Six studies were included, 2 benchmarks to hardiness and other 4 related to competitive anxiety, did not find any significant with respect to competitiveness associated with sport injuries. Initial evidence indicates that higher scores in hardiness and lower scores on competitive anxiety decrease the vulnerability of the athlete to suffer sports injuries. Statistically and results are discussed.