394 | 31, pp. 381-401 | doxa.comunicación

July-December of 2020

Discourse markers and informal Spanish on social network sites

ISSN: 1696-019X / e-ISSN: 2386-3978

(27) A: And? What’s the video supposed to demonstrate? That the situation has changed? That they’ve adapted their measures to the conditions?

B: Of course (Claro), the situation changes because it does, not due to incompetence (YouTube, 01-03-2020).

It can also figure, in the formula claro que , as an independent enunciation in brief messages situated on the oral conceptual pole of the language. In the following message it also serves to intensify the irony, although this usage is less frequent in the corpus:

(28) The Minister’s a philosopher! Of course he is (Claro que si) (Facebook, 19-05-2020).

4.1.5. Bueno, vamos y eh (well, come on & eh)

Other conversational markers used on the three social networks are hombre (not on Twitter), bueno, vamos and eh (a single appearance on Facebook). In the messages analysed, hombre performs as an interjective in reactive interactive comments, where it is used with the intention of attenuating an “expression of disconformity with what the listener has said [...]” (Martín Zorraquino & Portolés Lázaro, 1999: 4173-4174) and to support a positive image of the speaker. It usually figures in these messages at the beginning of the sentence, although it appears occasionally at the close, normally in comments that may be considered in the oral conceptional variety of the language, as seen in these two cases of non-standard punctuation or the use of prototypical turns of informal Spanish in these contexts such as the lengthening of the vowels and the graphic reproduction of laughter:

(29) A: [...] As for tobacco, sadly there are loads of smokers in this country. Abstinence syndrome is really hard.(I don’t smoke),but I understand those who do.

B: yeah man (hombre) it’ll really matter to them if you go cold turkey when you can’t smoke hahahaha [...] (YouTube, 14-03-2020).

(30) Because two months ago you were saying that facemasks were good for nothing, sort yourselves out maaaaan (hombreeeee) (Facebook, 19-05-2020).

The marker bueno, which appears on all three platforms, though with just a single appearance on Twitter, is normally used, in line with the principal classifications, in both dialogic and monologic statements (Fuentes Rodríguez, 1993: 217-218). This feature is also seen performing several functions on the platforms considered. For example, it can act as a linguistic formulator of discursive illation. In this sense, it presents the member of the discourse in which it figures as a continuation of what has been said previously. However, as can be seen in these examples, the enunciation introduced by bueno substitutes or adds nuance to an element of the previous discourse, providing new information that the speaker considers more relevant or more appropriate:

(31) Face coverings aren’t necessary No, but yes in closed spaces Well (Bueno) now in open spaces too Well (Bueno) if you’re in the countryside you don’t need one Well (Bueno) wear one when you leave the house...It’s not that important there’ll only be a few isolated cases in Spain [...] (Facebook, 19-05-2020).

(32) They’re waiting for more pensioners to die, that’s why they’re not doing anything, Well (Bueno) there is something, they lie like dogs (YouTube, 01-03-2020).