92 | 31, pp. 87-105 | doxa.comunicación

July-December of 2020

Visualisations as a critical information source for data journalism. Analysis of the typology, interactivity...

ISSN: 1696-019X / e-ISSN: 2386-3978

add the interactive functions provide more journalistic information categorised as infographics. Actions such as sum-marising (zooming) or reconfiguring (when they do not involve changing data) are not included at this point since they usually show the same information in more or less detail.

Visual resources: photographs, videos, or illustrations. This option only includes informative graph representations containing figures; the rest are not evaluated.

Animations. They show numerical information animatedly. The changes or movements are carried out automatica-lly—examples: moving graphics, icons, etc.

Infographics. Combine text, images, videos or illustrations and graphics in the same visualisation.

Others. Any other type of visualisation that cannot be grouped in the previous options.

2.2. Functions of the visualisations

The visualisations within the data stories were defined following the parameters set out by Barlow (2014) and Veglis and Bratsas (2017). We distinguish between whether the visualisation was part of the story and subsequently added value to the narrative or structured as a story. The story is the central part of the publication, and the text is less important than the visualisation.

The type of information provided by the data incorporated into the visualisations was set out according to Kang’s analysis (2015). As in her research, we identified whether they compared values (rankings), showed connections and flows (relations and associations), traced changes in time, showed hierarchies, or presented other possibilities.

2.3. Interactivity of the visualisations

By interactivity, we mean those operations that the user can carry out with the visualisation. In this case, to examine the interactive functions, we brought various categorisations together applied in the research mentioned above (Schulmeister’s, 2003; Yi, Ah-Kang and Stasko, 2007; Segel and Heer, 2010; Boy, Detienne and Fekete, 2015; Loosen, Reimer and Schmidt, 2017; Stalph, 2017; Tandoc and Soo-Kwang, 2017; Young, Hermida, and Fulda, 2018; Ojo and Heravi, 2018; Appelgren, 2018). In this variable, there was multiple coding, and the possibilities were the following:

It does not possess interactive functions. They are static visualisations.

To inspect. To obtain details upon request.

To connect. to highlight associations and relationships between data, generally by clicking on hyperlinks or highligh-ting similar information.

To filter: Show conditioned information. In this case, the perspective does not change, only the data presented.

To summarise. Present more or less detail. Its incorporation is more usual on maps, with the zoom in and zoom out functions or adjusting vision.

To reconfigure. Offer different ways to present the information.