Widespread mechanical pain hypersensitivity in patients with chronic migraine and temporomandibular disorders : relationship and correlation between psychological and sensorimotor variables

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess mechanical hyperalgesia in the trigeminal and extra-trigeminal regions in patients with chronic migraine (CM) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in comparison to asymptomatic subjects and to determine the association between sensorimotor variables and psychological and disability variables and evaluate the prediction of a sensorimotor variables though psychological and disability variables in patients with CM and TMD. Material and methods: A total of 52 subjects with concomitant CM and TMD and 30 asymptomatic subjects were included in the study. The pressure pain threshold (PPT), maximal mouth opening (MMO) and a series of self-reported factors were compared. Results: There were 52CM and TMD (92.3% women and 7.7% men; age¼46.2 ± 9.5) and 30 asymptomatic subjects (80% women and 20% men; age¼47.4 ± 10). Differences were found between patients with CM and TMD and asymptomatic participants (p<.01) when comparing the PPTs in the trigeminal and extra-trigeminal regions. The PPT for the trigeminal region was predicted by depressive symptoms (variance of 18%) as well as disability and craniofacial pain (variance of 20%). The extratrigeminal region PPT was predicted by depressive symptoms (variance of 10%), and pain-free MMO was predicted by disability and craniofacial pain (variance of 24%). Conclusions: This study suggests that patients with CM and TMD present with generalized mechanical hyperalgesia. In addition, an association between sensorimotor, psychological and disability variables was observed.