1. Investigación

Las consultas relacionadas con cojera son frecuentes en la clínica veterinaria diaria. Los métodos de diagnóstico diferencial ordenado son necesarios y útiles en el quehacer diario de la consulta, evitando errores por omisión. En el presente trabajo se revisarán las causas de cojeras no traumáticas del miembro posterior de aparición más frecuente en el perro. Con ello, se pretende mostrar un método ordenado de diagnóstico y pautas básicas de tratamiento de las cojeras. Puesto que el objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar de forma amplia las posibles causas de cojera no traumáticas del miembro posterior, nos es imposible profundizar en los tratamientos y pronósticos. Por ello, recomendamos al lector recurrir a textos especializados para ampliar la información de este tema.

Los estudios publicados sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas con la anestesia en gatos así como la farmacología de agentes anestésicos inhalatorios forman la base para discutir algunos de los desafíos que los gatos presentan durante el mantenimiento de anestesia, encontrándose hoy en día muy por detrás de los resultados obtenidos con los perros. En el presente capítulo se va a tratar la valoración anestésica y la principal farmacología que se utiliza en la clínica diaria, y en el próximo, se expondrá el acto anestésico completo, la monitorización y principales complicaciones que se encontrarán durante la anestesia en esta especie.

Hoy en día todo el mundo sabe que cualquier intervención quirúrgica implica una serie de complicaciones posibles entre las que podemos citar las técnicas derivadas de la propia intervención o las anestésicas. Pero quizá, la complicación quirúrgica más frecuente y, muchas veces temida, es la infección.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors (GFs) that modulate the expression of inflammatory cells; thus, these products could be considered a good strategy to favor tissue regeneration in feline immunodeficiency (FIV) positive cats. However, there is no scientific documentation on obtaining PRP in FIV-positive cats. Authors hypothesized that PRP can be obtained in FIV cats following the PRGF®-Endoret® methodology. The objectives of this study were to compare the platelet, erythrocyte, and leukocyte concentration between whole blood (WB) and the PRP; and determine the concentration of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in FIV-positive cats. Sixteen adults FIV-positive asymptomatic cats were included in the study. WB samples were drawn and the PRP was obtained by centrifugation at 265g for 10 min. Erythrocyte and leukocyte, platelets, and mean platelet volume (MPV) were determined both in WB and in PRP. PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations were additionally determined in PRP. Platelet concentration increased 1.1 times in PRP fraction compared to WB, but no significant differences were reported. MPV was statistically higher in WB than in PRP (p = 0.001). Erythrocytes and leukocytes counts were decreased by 99% and 92%, respectively in the PRP fraction (p < 0.001). Regarding TGF-ß1, a higher concentration was shown in the PRP (p < 0.02). Although the product obtained could not be classified as PRP according to the PRGF®-Endoret® methodology, based on the drastic reduction of RBC and WBC, the PLT concentrate is of high purity.

In recent years, several studies have been conducted on Muse cells mainly due to their pluripotency, high tolerance to stress, self-renewal capacity, ability to repair DNA damage and not being tumoral. Additionally, since these stem cells can be isolated from different tissues in the adult organism, obtaining them is not considered an ethical problem, providing an advantage over embryonic stem cells. Regarding their therapeutic potential, few studies have reported clinical applications in the treatment of different diseases, such as aortic aneurysm and chondral injuries in the mouse or acute myocardial infarction in the swine, rabbit, sheep and in humans. This review aims to describe the characterization of Muse cells, show their biological characteristics, explain the differences between Muse cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and present their contribution to the treatment of some diseases.