Monografico_9_EN_Doxa_31_History_Spanish_Lexicon

to the list of words that derive from Spanish roots “y no lo son ellas mismas” (in other words, they look like Spanish words but originated outside Spain). Indeed, in those editions, Cuervo reports that in Bogotá the “panadería, tahona” (‘bakery’) is called amasandería. In the 1907 and 1914 editions, in the chapter “Voces Nuevas”, Cuervo points out that nouns ending in –ero (referring to someone who exercises a trade or craft) derive from nouns with –ía, which refer either to the craft itself, the place where it is exercised, or where its products are sold. In the case of amasandería, he explains, there is no primitive form ending in –ero, but the noun referring to the place, with the suffix –ería, does exist. This can be seen in other cases as well. The information presented above by Cuervo is not valid for Chile, since amasandero is a long-standing word there, already lemmatised in the first dictionary of chilenismos, by Rodríguez (1875), who describes the amasanderías as ‘small bakeries, generally run by women’. Uribe (1887), for Colombia, also includes amasandería in his dictionary without further normative indications. In contrast, the Chilean lexicographer Ortúzar (1893) labels the term as incorrect and, unlike Rodríguez, he provides only ‘tahona’ or ‘atahona’ as definitions.

6.3. In the European lexicographic tradition, Zerolo (1895) is the first who includes amasandería, with two meanings: one for Colombia as ‘bakery, tavern’ and another one for Chile as ‘small or women-run bakery’, citing Rodríguez (1875) as a source. In Europe, Toro y Gómez (1901), Alemany (1917) and Rodríguez-Navas (1918) accept the information provided by Rodríguez and continue using his definition.

6.4. The Dictionary Manuals by the Royal Spanish academy from 1927 to 1989 list amasandería as a lexical unit used in Colombia and Chile, adding a diastratic mark of “vulgarism”. Lemmatised for the first time in the DRAE (2001) only for Chile, it refers to a panadería, ‘location, house or place where bread is sold’.

6.5. The lexicographic tradition of dictionaries of Americanisms suggests the usage of the term in Venezuela, because Malaret (1931) and Morínigo (1966) include Venezuela, along with Chile and Colombia, when labelling their corpora . However, this interpretation is doubtful since we do not find any information that verifies such dialectal distribution. In addition, Malaret’s 1942 supplement had only left the labels for Colombia and Chile.

6.6. Also, the fact that amasandería is a term still used only in Chile is corroborated by the latest edition of the dictionary of Chilean Spanish by the Chilean Academy of Language (DUECh 2010) and by the only case found in CREA. This also matches with Boyd-Bowman’s description for amasandero (1962). We have, however, an interesting anomaly: Orellana (1891 [1871]), from Barcelona, wrote: “[Amasandería] se trata del departamento destinado a amasar y cocer el pan en un hospital militar. Pues a eso se le llama en todas partes panadería y no amasandería. ¡Qué cosas tienen esos madrileños!” (“It is the unit destined to knead and bake bread in a military hospital. Well, that is called everywhere panadería and not amasandería. The things these Madrileños come up with!” (s.v. amasandería). We consider this a clue for necessary further research, since records that are currently available both online and on paper, either Hispanic or international, have proven insufficient.