emotion and personal belief.” According to the DRAE (known as the Dictionary of the Royal Academy in English), it is “the deliberate distortion that manipulates beliefs and emotions to influence public opinion.”

In the political sphere, it is called the politics of Post-truth (or post-factual politics), whereby appeals to emotions disconnected from public policy details frame the debate, repeatedly affirming discussion points in which the exact replicas or the facts are ignored. The post-truth differs from the traditional dispute and falsification of the truth, giving it “secondary” importance. It is summed up as the idea that “something that appears to be true is more important than the truth itself.”

D’Ancona (2017:23), a British journalist, affirms that the era of the post-truth came about in 2016. It was the year in which the United Kingdom said yes to the Brexit, and Donald Trump won the U.S elections, marking a before and after, not only due to the type of lies- a lie is always a lie- but due to the publics’ response to the lies. It is a type of reaction in which the strength of emotions, multiplied by social media activity, can shake the foundations of modern democracy.

2.2. Artifical Intelligence Ecosystem, algorithms and bots

In the algorithmic world, social network algorithms are often “adaptive,” meaning that they make small changes to themselves at all times to obtain better results. “Better” in this case, means more seductive and, therefore, more profitable. In this type of algorithm there is always a bit of randomness (Lanier, 2018: 27).

When an algorithm provides people with experiences, it turns out the randomness that facilitates the algorithmic adaptation can also induce addiction. The algorithm is seeking out the perfect parameters to manipulate the brain, while the mind, in its attempt to find more profound meaning, changes in response to the algorithm’s experiments; it plays cat and mouse relying on pure mathematics (Ibidem: 28-29).

In this context, States, universities, and media companies invest considerable resources in the development of manipulated news detection algorithms. Nevertheless, this technology, which is still in its early stages, needs human detectives (fact-checkers) to find false information circulating on the Internet. In this line, Google has developed artificial intelligence, whose mission is to counteract fake news. The new Google News application, available in 127 countries, joins Google’s new artificial intelligence updates, and also include Google Maps and Google Duplex.

With this initiative, Google News launches its artificial intelligence content delivery system in a world full of fake news. According to the MIT study above, it showed that fake news is 70% more likely to be tweeted. In the recent Edelman Trust Barometer survey (2019: 23), 59% of people said that they weren’t sure whether any given story was “true” or not. According to Alison Gow, editor-in-chief of Trinity Mirror, quoted by Lisa Calhoun (2018), “access to reliable, quality information should be anyone’s right, wherever they live.”

Unfortunately, artificial intelligence is also used by people who seek to harm- or at least disturb- the news ecosystem as well as news organizations that are struggling.