208 | nº 29, pp. 197-212 | doxa.comunicación
July-December of 2019
Artificial intelligence and journalism: diluting the impact of disinformation and fake news through bots
ISSN: 1696-019X / e-ISSN: 2386-3978
Fake News Detector
The Fake News Detector allows you to detect and point out Fake news, Click Baits, and news. How does it work? By classifying a news ítem, other people who use Fake News Detector will see its classification, will be more attentive to it, and will also be able to classify it. This information is stored in a database and is read by the robot, El Robinho.
The Robinho is based on the information from the developers and gradually learns to automatically classify a news ítem as Fake News, Click Bait. Etc, based on its text. By doing so, even news that no one had ever seen can be classified quickly.
Projeto Lupe (Agência Lupa!)
According to Poynter, in April 2018, six months before the Brazilian elections, a fact-checker had been using Facebook support to reach their readers better.
The project called, “¡Projeto Lupe!”, allows people to request verified information, rang-ing from candidates’ statements to fake viral news. Any information can be obtained just by sending a message to Agência Lupa on Facebook, which has approximately 125 million monthly users in Brazil. According to Cristina Tardáguila, the director of Agên-cia Lupa, “When people are well informed, they can make better decisions. We want to help Brazilian voters to find accurate information about those who aspire to become the leaders of our country”.
The bot was inspired by a Messenger model tested by Les Decodéurs from Le Monde during the 2017 French elections and was adapted for Agência Lupa by AppCivico. The project, which also includes fact-checking videos and educational items about the elec-toral process, is funded with $ 75,000 from Facebook, which was primarily interested in Brazil before the October general election, specifically the role of chatbots to curb online disinformation.
Les Décodeurs (Le Monde)
Decoders is a section from the French newspaper Le Monde’s website, created on March 10, 2014, whose aim is to verify information on various topics. It uses a multidisciplinary team of professionals, made up of approximately ten people, dedicated to the platform. The journalists of this section created the Decodex in 2017, a search engine that serves as a tool to evaluate the reliability of sources.
The initiative was one of the first of its kind created in France, following the movement of fact-checking that began at the beginning of the 21st century. Les Decodeurs has been a subject of debate. Some critics have complained about errors and a political bias supposedly anchored in the left. Others recognize the importance of the approach, but question its limitations. As for the search engine, the accusations of ideological filtering were also made, as well as comments about Le Monde’s underlying conflict of interests.
Source: created by the author.
4. Methodology
To carry out this work, we have taken the triangulation methodology of qualitative and quantitative techniques (Gaitán & Piñuel, 1998: 286). The starting point has been the longitudinal analysis of various scientific texts (articles, reports, papers and to a lesser extent, books) whose subject matter focus on the study and reflections on the dissemination of