Audios:

- National Radio of Colombia: state radio station although State funded it did not show strong political inclinations.

- Radio Stations CARACOL, RCN, TODELAR: The first two form part of a media conglomerate that also includes television and is owned by the three main economic groups in the country (Santo Domingo, Ardilla Lulle, Sarmiento Angulo), with political lines aimed at supporting the government in power.

Visuals

- The television newscasts of the 1980s and 1990s were characterised as small programmers, related to liberal and conservative political tendencies. They were owned by traditional families, which were characterised as moderate, these media gradually disappeared when private telvision channels were created in 1997.

3.1. Selection of pieces

The sample selection (journalistic pieces) was carried out with the criterion of news items through which communication pieces were chosen about historical events in four different media impact periods, which also had elements that could be spectacularised, regardless of whether they were used or not by representative media in the country, the chosen incidents were:

- 1948, The Bogotazo: Assassination of a political leader which triggered riots that partially destroyed the country’s capital, an event that remains present in the Colombian imagination as a historical breaking point.

- Murders of Rodrigo Lara 1984 (Minister of Justice), Luis Carlos Galán 1989 (presidential candidate), and Jaime Garzón 1999 (renowned comedian). Three national figures murdered by paramilitaries and because of drug trafficking throughout fifteen years. Although these assassinations are only three out of a list of 250,000 in fifty years of the conflict, they managed to shake a country familiar with these types of events.

- Taking of hostages from the Dominican Republic Embassy (1980) and the Palace of Justice (1985), both carried out by the M-19 guerrilla group. They were high media impact incidents broadcasted in real time on television, achieving spectacular outcomes — the Guerillas departure for Cuba with the hostages, the attempt at retaking the Palace of Justice using tanks and helicopters that sparked a fire in the building, burning it down with hostages and guerrillas inside in the country’s main square during the early hours of the morning. Both were respectively real incidents that took place in front of the cameras in a spectacular way.

- The case of Pablo Escobar 1984-1991, possibly the most exploited and successful media incident of the Colombian conflict at an international level. It combined elements such as spectacularity, action, a reality check, extreme violence, exoticism, morbidity, among others.

- Military massacres in the late 90s and early 2000s in remote regions, although inventoried by the media, their tendency was not to exploit the possibilities of spectacularisation of the images, such as acts of extreme cruelty against the