64 | 28, pp. 55-77 | doxa.comunicación

January-June of 2019

The use of Social Networks as a means of citizen participation in validating positions and interests...

ISSN: 1696-019X / e-ISSN: 2386-3978

In relation to content analysis, the first thing to consider is to whom the release is addressed and what effect it causes. According to the user profile of this network, his message is aimed at people with a certain level of education, and according to the coverage of the network, Americans are regular users of Twitter, although it is clear that by using Internet his reach is worldwide. However, the American people are those who react more strongly to posts made by the president of the United States of America, but due to the fact that there is global interest involved, it should not be ruled out that the posts also aim to validate actions for other audiences. It is clear that the reactions are highly diverse; in general, if the objective of the communication through Twitter was to validate the actions of the president in diplomatic affairs, it can be said that for the first case, the reactions were mostly negative; therefore, of a sample of 96 posts (simple random sampling, margin of error 10% and reliability 95%), the result was 30% positive reactions and 70% negative; moreover, although the data were not accounted for, it was observed that in general the posts of those who called themselves Republicans validated the action. One could also think that if the purpose was to attract the public’s attention to that action, the end was achieved, since the Twitter users reacted with comments and memes.

The role of the global citizen who is empowered in matters of global interest, informed and willing to give an opinion is a reality that was unthinkable some two decades ago; without access to these technological resources, the validation or explanation of the actions of a government almost immediately or simultaneously at the moment it was taking place was not possible in the past.

The second post, shown here for analysis, indicates that the President’s action is more favourable, with 52% positive, which may be due to the fact that this is an issue that concerns the economic condition of the country and that an improvement in oil prices would be favourable for the whole country and the world in general. It is evident that Trump uses Twitter in a very distinctive way and that he has brought political issues previously considered private into the public domain, among them issues related to U.S. diplomacy; it is even pointed out that he governs by means of the tweet; even before he took office, the media referred to Trump’s tweets in order to identify the government’s position on strategic issues such as relations with China and Russia, the nuclear doctrine, free trade, anti-terrorist policy, and relations with close partners such as Western Europe and Mexico. George Lakoff, a former professor at the University of Berkeley, categorizes Trump’s use of Twitter as a strategy, and classifies the posts into four categories: 1) introduce an idea 2) create a distraction 3) divert or evade attention 4) similar to probe balloons: experiment with issues to perceive public opinion. It is clear that the Trump administration understands there is a public that accesses social networks and seeks to communicate directly without interference from a third party such as a media outlet or reporter, and this administration does not underestimate the importance of public opinion. It is noteworthy that the Knight First Amendment Institute, an academic organization of Columbia University, filed a lawsuit on behalf of seven Twitter users who had been blocked by Trump for criticizing or scoffing at him online, and in June 2018 Federal District Judge Naomi Reice Buchwald ruled that Trump should not block users who write to her on Twitter, as this is a violation of the First Amendment (U.S. Constitution), which refers precisely to freedom of expression. The argument was that Twitter is the equivalent of a public forum that the president did not have the right to restrict its use. The previous paragraph indicates how social networks are seen as a new space for communication, interaction, and the exercise of citizenship.