as envisioned since the time of the Congress of Vienna 1815-1818. Instead, it became necessary to resize the concept, either by enlarging it or by generating new outgrowths from it together with the reality that was constructed at that moment; in this way, the new spaces of international relations and new actors are considered. When use of the term public diplomacy is reviewed, the origin of the concept is attributed to Edmund Gullion. In 1965, during the speech that inaugurated the Edward R. Murrow Center of Public Diplomacy, Gullion pointed out that public diplomacy is about influencing public attitudes on foreign policy beyond traditional diplomacy (Cull, 2009). In this context, he was referring to the attention and care of public opinion in third party countries, the interaction with citizens, private interests, interest groups, the dissemination of information on international relations, the intense communication with journalists and professionals of foreign affairs, and the improvement of intercultural communication.

As can be seen, the concept already goes beyond diplomacy in which the actors are merely states, and has evolved to become diplomacy in which national and foreign public opinion play an important role. Advances in communications can be seen as an accelerator of the practice of public diplomacy. In the origins of the concept, it can be seen as the relationship with the foreign public as a way of validating the actions and decisions of foreign policy of a world power when confronting foreign public opinion. However, its evolution has also led governments to seek the validation of their own citizens for their foreign policy actions. According to Cull (2009), the components of public diplomacy are the following: a) listening b) advocacy c) cultural diplomacy d) exchange diplomacy e) and international broadcasting.

It is important to stop and analyze the interest shown in Internet and Social Networks as important tools in the practice of public diplomacy, and to discuss the widening, or birth, of a new concept, since never before have technologies allowed such active participation of citizens. With the emergence of the Internet between 1968 and 1969 (Siles, 2008), relations and communications between governments as well as between governments and societies, and all other activities within the framework of social relations, have taken a significant turn. The first changes were adjusted to what this technology allowed in the beginning; the capacity to transfer data. Because of the level of development that the Internet had at that time, both in the framework of governments and especially of diplomacy, its use was limited. It continued to remain within the context of political privacy or traditional diplomacy together with new technologies. At the end of the 1980s, the network expanded greatly thanks to the connection of a large number of computers, as well as a system of DNS domains (Domain Name System), until the appearance of the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, created by Englishman Tim Berners-Lee and the Belgian Robert Cailliau, known as Web 1.0 (Rubio, 2003). At that time, the information created by all organizations and individuals was not only stored and transferable, but also easily accessed. Internet began to have a public role, its use started to become widespread, and governments began to face the challenge of serving audiences that were more connected and more informed. Digital media have opened significant spaces for audiences to be heard, but also for countries to use these media to endorse their actions. These technologies have also been used for the cultural and ideological positioning of countries.

Digital public diplomacy as a practice is still in development. Cull (2009) points out that risk aversion and anxiety may influence the control of messages shared by many of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, and by the end of the 1990s technology began to play a major role in public diplomacy, which coincides with the technological evolution of the web. This was also the time when country websites started to be created. Later, from 2004 to 2006, Facebook, YouTube and Twitter appeared,